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Temperament and Character in Childhood-Onset Neurodevelopmental Disorders (Autism Spectrum Disorders and ADHD)

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Personality and Brain Disorders

Part of the book series: Contemporary Clinical Neuroscience ((CCNE))

Abstract

Neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), express aberrant neurocognitive functions in social communication, flexibility and executive control from an early age, not seldom casting extensive consequences long into adulthood. They exist along a continuum from severe disorders to broader phenotypes or “shadow syndromes”. In recent years, several studies have assessed the relation between these conditions and associated personality traits in terms of Cloninger’s temperament and character model in both children and adults. The aim is to clarify to what extent neurodevelopmental challenges are associated with adult personality and elucidate the link between symptom severity and specific personality traits. Findings give support for specific temperaments (previously known as constitutions) with high Novelty Seeking in ADHD and low Reward Dependence with high Harm Avoidance in ASD, while low scores on the character dimensions of Self-Directedness and Cooperativeness are a shared feature of both disorders (and more so the more severe the disorder is). This replicates previous findings of the same character deficits across adult mental disorders, forming a common ground for mental health problems. This pattern is proposed to be a window of opportunity for treatment interventions aiming at enhancing agency, communion, resilience and well-being.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health (CELAM), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

    Thomas Nilsson & Henrik Anckarsäter

  2. Department of Forensic Psychiatry, National Board of Forensic Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden

    Ola Ståhlberg

  3. Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

    Maria Råstam

  4. Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

    Maria Råstam

  5. Blekinge Center for Competence, Region Blekinge, Karlskrona, Sweden

    Danilo Garcia

  6. Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

    Danilo Garcia

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Correspondence to Thomas Nilsson .

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  1. Blekinge Center for Competence, Region Blekinge, Karlskrona, Sweden

    Danilo Garcia

  2. Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

    Trevor Archer

  3. Department of Pharmacology, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA

    Richard M. Kostrzewa

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Nilsson, T., Ståhlberg, O., Råstam, M., Garcia, D., Anckarsäter, H. (2019). Temperament and Character in Childhood-Onset Neurodevelopmental Disorders (Autism Spectrum Disorders and ADHD). In: Garcia, D., Archer, T., Kostrzewa, R.M. (eds) Personality and Brain Disorders. Contemporary Clinical Neuroscience. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90065-0_6

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