Skip to main content

Migration Process and Its Effects on Mental Health

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Book cover Chaos, Complexity and Leadership 2017 (ICCLS 2017)

Part of the book series: Springer Proceedings in Complexity ((SPCOM))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

Migration, especially for immigrants, causes significant changes in the lives of individuals. Although immigrants may face several problems related to mental health, the disciplines that examine mental health, such as counseling, psychology, and psychiatry, have not been adequately interested in this issue. Identifying problems of immigrants will allow a host society to understand their problems better. In this study, problems of immigrants are discussed as three stages: pre-migration, migration, and post-migration. Immigrants are found extensively among targeted groups of counselors offering mental health services at many different institutions. For this reason, the results are evaluated for mental health professionals, especially counselors.

This study is composed from “Self construals, adjustment problems and coping styles of internalmigrant and non-migrant adolescents,” accepted as a master’s thesis by the Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Hacettepe University, in the 2014–2015 academic year.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abadan-Unat, N. (2002). Bitmeyen göç. İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.

    Google Scholar 

  • Adaman, F., & Keyder, Ç. (2006). Türkiye’de büyük kentlerin gecekondu ve çöküntü mahallelerinde yaşanan yoksulluk ve sosyal dışlanma. Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/social_inclusion/docs/2006/study_turkey_tr.pdf

  • Akarca, A. T., & Tansel, A. (2012). Southwest as the new internal migration destination in Turkey. IZA Discussion Paper Series.

    Google Scholar 

  • Akın, Y. D., & Ceyhan, E. (2005). Resmi ve özel genel lise öğrencilerinin ailelerinden, arkadaşlarından ve öğretmenlerinden algıladıkları sosyal destek düzeyleri açısından kendini kabul düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 5(2), 69–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Akkayan, T. (1979). Göç ve değişme. İstanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi.

    Google Scholar 

  • Akşit, B. (1998). İç göçlerin nesnel ve öznel toplumsal tarihi üzerine gözlemler: Köy tarafından bir bakış. In A. İçduygu, İ. Sirkeci, & İ. Aydıngün (Eds.), Türkiye'de iç göç (pp. 22–37). İstanbul: Türkiye Ekonomik ve Toplumsal Tarih Vakfı Yayınları.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aksoy, Z. (2012). Uluslararası göç ve kültürlerarası iletişim. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 5(20), 292–303.

    Google Scholar 

  • American Psychological Association (APA). (2013). Working with immigrant-origin clients: An update for mental health professionals. Washington, DC: APA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anagnostopoulos, D. C., Vlassopoulos, M., & Lazaratou, H. (2006). Forced migration, adolescence, and identity formation. The American Journal of Psychoanalysis, 66(3), 225–237.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Angay, H. (2010). Doğu ve Güneydoğu illerinden İzmir’e göç eden ailelerin çocuklarının okul sorunlarının incelenmesi (Master thesis). Retrieved from Ulusal Tez Merkezi (326148).

    Google Scholar 

  • Aronowitz, M. (1984). The social and emotional adjustment of immigrant children: A review of the literature. International Migration Review, 18(2), 237–257.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ayata, B. (2011). The politics of displacement: A transnational analysis of the forced migration of Kurds in Turkey and Europe (unpublished doctoral dissertation). The Johns Hopkins Universty, Baltimore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Batista, E., & Wiese, P. (2010). Culture and migration: Psychological trauma in children and adolescents. Traumatology, 16(4), 142–152.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benezer, G. (2006). Group counseling and psychotherapy across the cultural divide: The case of Ethiopian Jewish ımmigrants in Israel. Transcultural Psychiatry, 43(2), 205–234.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berry, J. W. (1997). Immigration, acculturation and adaptation. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 46(1), 5–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berry, J. W., Phinney, J. S., Sam, D. L., & Vedder, P. (2006). Immigrant youth: Acculturation, identity and adaptation. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 55(3), 303–332.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhugra, D. (2004). Migration and mental health. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 109(4), 243–258.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhugra, D. (2014). Migration, distress and cultural identity. British Medical Bulletin, 69(1), 129–141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhugra, D., & Becker, M. A. (2005). Migration, cultural bereavement and cultural identity. World Psychiatry, 4(1), 18–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhugra, D., & Gupta, S. (2011). Introduction: Setting the scene. In D. Bhugra & S. Gupta (Eds.), Migration and mental health (pp. 1–15). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhugra, D., & Jones, P. (2001). Migration and mental illness. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 7, 216–223.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bilici, M., & Yeşildal, M. (2015). Göç ve ruh sağlığı. Retrieved from http://www.sdplatform.com/Dergi/801/Goc-ve-ruh-sagligi.aspx

  • Bozdağ, F. (2015). İç göç yaşamış ve yaşamamış ergenlerin benlik kurguları, uyum sorunları ve başa çıkma tarzları (Master thesis). Retrieved from Ulusal Tez Merkezi. (394825).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bradley, D. E., & Van Willigen, M. (2009). Migration and psychological well- being among older adults: A growth curve analysis based on panel data from the health and retirement study, 1996–2006. Journal of Aging and Health, 22(7), 882–913.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Breslau, J., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Borges, G., Kendler, K. S., Su, M., & Kessler, R. C. (2007). Risk for psychiatric disorder among immigrants and their us born descendants: Evidence from the national comorbidity survey-replication. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 195(3), 189–195.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carswell, K., Blackburn, P., & Barker, C. (2011). The relationship between trauma, post-migration problems and the psychological well-being of refugees and asylum seekers. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 57(2), 107–119.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Çelik, A. B. (2005). “I miss my village”: Forced Kurdish migrants in Istanbul and their representation in associations. New Perspectives on Turkey, 32, 137–163.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chung, R. C., Bemak, F., & Grabosky, T. K. (2011). Multicultural-social justice leadership strategies: Counseling and advocacy with immigrants. Journal for Social Action in Counseling and Psychology, 3(1), 86–102.

    Google Scholar 

  • CIDOB. (2011). Migration in the Turkish republic. In CIDOB International Yearbook (pp. 259–263), Barcelona.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cook, C., Chaplin, T. M., Sinha, R., Tebes, J. K., & Mayes, L. C. (2012). The stress response and adolescents’ adjustment: The impact of child maltreatment. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 41(8), 1067–1077.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crijnen, A. A. (2003). Emotional and behavioral problems of Turkish immigrant children, adolescents and their parents living in the Netherlands: An overview. International Society for the Study of Behavioural Development, 2(44), 7–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davoliüté, V. (2008). Challenges of trauma: migration, integration, and the role of cultural competence (pp. 41–47). Oikos: Lithuanian Migration and Diaspora Studies.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Wit, M. A., Tuinebreijer, W. C., Dekker, J., Beekman, A. J., Gorissen, W. H., Schrier, A. C., et al. (2008). Depressive and anxiety disorders in different ethnic groups: A population based study among native Dutch, and Turkish, Moroccan and Surinamese migrants in Amsterdam. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 43, 905–912.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deniz, O., & Etlan, E. (2009). Kırdan kente göç ve göçmenlerin uyum süreci üzerine bir çalışma: Van örneği. International Journal of Human Sciences, 6(2), 472–498.

    Google Scholar 

  • Erdur-Baker, Ö. (2007). Psikolojik danışma ve kültürel faktörler. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 3(27), 109–122.

    Google Scholar 

  • Erkan, R., & Erdoğdu, M. Y. (2006). Göç ve çocuk suçluluğu. Aile ve Toplum Eğitim-Kültür ve Araştırma Dergisi, 3(9), 79–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Erol, M., & Ersever, O. G. (2014). Göç krizi ve göç krizine müdahale. KHO Bilim Dergisi, 24(1), 47–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Esipova, N., Pugliese, A., & Ray, J. (2013). The demographics of global internal migration. Migration Policy Practice, 3(3), 3–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuligni, A. J. (2003). The adaptation of children from immigrant families. International Society for the Study of Behavioural Development, 2(44), 9–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gökdemir, İ. (2012). Göçmen Kadınlarda Dil Problemi: Kamusal Alanda Dilsizlik. (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from Ulusal Tez Merkezi. (317730).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gülşen, C., Knipscheer, J., & Kleber, R. (2010). The impact of forced migration on mental health: A comparative study on posttraumatic stress among internally displaced and externally migrated Kurdish women. Traumatology, 16(4), 109–116.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gün, Z. (2006). Psikolojide göç çalışmalarındaki metodolojik problemler ve çözüm önerileri. Türk Psikoloji Bülteni, 12(38), 27–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gün, Z., & Bayraktar, F. (2008). Türkiye’de iç göçün ergenlerin uyumundaki rolü. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 19(2), 167–176.

    Google Scholar 

  • Güzel, S. (2013). Göçmen çocuklar ve Denizli’de yaşam koşulları. Retrieved from http://www.sdergi.hacettepe.edu.tr/makaleler/Serkan-guzel12_20ocak2013.pdf

  • İçduygu, D. (2009). International Migration and Human Development in Turkey. New York: United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (2010). Changing lifestyles changing competencies: Turkish migrant youth in Europe. Historical Social Research, 35(2), 151–168.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (2012). Benlik, aile ve insan gelişimi: Kültürel psikoloji. İstanbul: Koç Üniversitesi Yayınları.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaya, A., Işık, İ. E., Şahin, B., Elmas, E., Çağlayan, B., & Aksoy, P. (2008). Günümüz Türkiye’sinde yaşanan iç göçler: Bütünleşme mi, geri dönüş mü? Final report.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kleff, H. G. (2007). The Turkish interior migration. Retrieved from http://migrationeducation.de/fileadmin/uploads/kleff_turkey_interiormigration.pdf

  • Kurç, G. (1989). Bazı kişisel, sosyoekonomik ve kültürel değişkenlerin lise öğrencilerinin uyum alanları ve uyum yöntemlerine etkisi (doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from Ulusal Tez Merkezi. (7658).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kwak, K. (2010). Self-development and relationships through acculturation. Culture & Psychology, 16, 365–381.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lazarus, R. S., & Lazarus, B. N. (2006). Coping with aging. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loewy, M. I., Williams, D. T., & Keleta, A. (2002). Group counseling with traumatized East African refugee women in the United States: Using the kaffa ceremony intervention. Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 27(2), 173–191.

    Google Scholar 

  • Müller, O. (2013). Göç, kültürleşme ve psikolojik problemler. Migration Management Adaptation Workshop.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murray, K. E., Davidson, G. R., & Scweitzer, R. D. (2008). Psychological wellbeing of refugees resettling in Australia. Melbourne, VIC: Australian Psychological Society.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nar, B. (2008). Göçün eğitime ve eğitim yönetimine etkileri: Dilovası Örneği (master’s thesis). Retrieved from Ulusal Tez Merkezi.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oral, P. (2016). Türkiye’de sığınmacı çocuk olmak. Retrieved from http://sivildusun.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/TU%CC%88RKI%CC%87YE-rapor.pdf

  • Parlakkaya, Ç. (2010). Göçe bağlı olarak ilköğretim okullarında yaşanan istenmeyen öğrenci davranışlarına ilişkin öğretmen ve yönetici görüşler (master’s thesis). Retrieved from Ulusal Tez Merkezi.

    Google Scholar 

  • Polat Uluocak, G. (2009). İç göç yaşamış ve yaşamamış çocukların okulda uyumu. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Buca Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 26, 35–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pyakuryal, A., Tausig, M., Subedi, S., & Subedi, J. (2011). Strangers in a familiar land: The psychological consequences of internal migration in a developing country. Stress & Health, 27(3), 199–208.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Şahin, C. (2001). Yurtdışı göçün bireyin psikolojik sağlığı üzerindeki etkisine ilişkin kuramsal bir inceleme. G.Ü. Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(2), 57–67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salem, B., & Flaskerud, J. H. (2010). A closer look: The trauma of war and migration and PTSD. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 32(3), 184–186.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schweitzer, R., Melville, F., Steel, Z., & Lacherez, P. (2006). Trauma, post-migration living difficulties, and social support as predictors of psychological adjustment in resettled Sudanese refugees. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 40(2), 179–187.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stermac, L., Brazeau, P., & Martin, K. (2008). Educational experiences and mental health among war-zone immigrants in Toronto. Education Research and Reviews, 3(12), 370–377.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stevens, G. W., & Vollebergh, W. A. (2008). Mental health in migrant children. The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49(3), 276–294.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tam, C. C.-V., & Lam, R. S.-Y. (2005). Stress and coping among migrant and local-born adolescents in Hong Kong. Youth & Society, 36(3), 312–332.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tanfer, K. (1983). Internal migraton in Turkey: Socioeconomic characteristics by destination and type of move. Studies in Comparative International Development, 18(4), 76–111.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • The World Bank (TWB). (2011). Migration and remittances factbook. Washington, DC: The World Bank.

    Google Scholar 

  • TMMOB (Türk Mühendis ve Mimar Odaları Birliği). (2003). TMMOB İnsan Hakları Komisyonu Zorunlu Göç Raporu.

    Google Scholar 

  • Todaro, M. (1980). Internal migration in developing countries: a survey. In R. A. Easterlin (Ed.), Population and economic change in developing countries (pp. 361–402). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tomita, A., Labys, C. A., & Burns, J. K. (2014). The relationship between immigration and depression in South Africa: Evidence from the first south African national income dynamics study. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 16(6), 1062–1068.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tomsa, R. (2010). Psychological consequences of temporary labor migration upon children and family. Petroleum–Gas University of Ploiesti Bulletin, Educational Sciences Series, 62(2), 206–212.

    Google Scholar 

  • Topçu, S., & Beşer, A. (2006). Göç ve sağlık. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 10(3), 37–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tuzcu, A., & Bademli, K. (2014). Göçün psikososyal boyutu. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 6(1), 56–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tuzcu, A., & Ilgaz, A. (2015). Göçün kadın ruh sağlığı üzerindeki etkileri. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 7(1), 56–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). (2009). Human development report: Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNCHR). (2016). Syria regional refugee response. Retrieved from http://data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/regional.php

  • Yakar, M. (2012). Türkiye’de iç göçlerin ilçelere göre mekansal analizi: 1995-2000 dönemi. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(1), 742–768.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yakushko, O., Watson, M., & Thompson, S. (2008). Stress and coping in the lives of recent immigrants and refugees: Considerations for counseling. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 30(3), 167–178.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yalçın, C. (2004). Göç sosyolojisi. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yavuzer, H. (2006). Çocuk ve suç. İstanbul: Remzi Kitapevi.

    Google Scholar 

Additional Reading

  • Akar, H. (2010). Challenges for schools in communities with internal migration flows: Evidence from Turkey. International Journal of Educational Development, 30, 263–276.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aker, T., Ayata, B., Buran, B., & Bay, A. (2002). Zorunlu iç göç: Ruhsal ve toplumsal sonuçları. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 3(2), 97–103.

    Google Scholar 

  • Altınyelken, H. K. (2009). Coping strategies among internal migrant students in Turkey. International Journal of Educational Research, 48(3), 174–183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berker, A. (2009). The impact of internal migration on educational outcomes: Evidence from Turkey. Economics of Education Review, 28, 739–749.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhugra, D. (2003). Migration and depression. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 108, 67–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chou, K. L., Wong, W. K., & Chow, N. W. (2011). Interaction between pre-and post-migration factors on depressive symptoms in new migrants to Hong Kong from Mainland China. Community Mental Health Journal, 47(5), 560–567.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fantino, A. M., & Colak, A. (2001). Refugee children in Canada: Searching for identity. Child Welfare, 80(5), 587–596.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gong, F., Xu, J., Fujishiro, K., & Takeuchi, D. T. (2011). A life course perspective on migration and mental health among Asian immigrants: The role of human agency. Social Science & Medicine, 73, 1618–1626.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grove, N. J., & Zwi, A. B. (2006). Our health and theirs: Forced migration, othering, and public health. Social Science & Medicine, 62(8), 1931–1942.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hart, R. (2009). Child refugees, trauma and education: Interactionist considerations on social and emotional needs and development. Educational Psychology in Practice, 25(4), 351–368.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ibáñez, A. M., & Vélez, C. E. (2008). Civil conflict and forced migration: The micro determinants and welfare losses of displacement in Colombia. World Development, 36(4), 659–676.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kiang, L., Kandace, A., Stein, G. L., Supple, A. J., & Gonzalez, L. M. (2013). Socieconomic stress and academic adjustment among Asian American adolescents: The protective role of family obligation. Journal Youth Adolescense, 42, 837–847.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, J., Suh., W., Kim, S., & Gopalan, H. (2012). Coping strategies to manage acculturative stress: Meaningful activity participation, social support, and positive emotion among Korean immigrant adolescents in the USA. International Journal Qualitative Study Health Well-being, 7, 1–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lin, N. J., Suyemoto, K. L., & Kiang, P. N. C. (2008). Education as catalyst for intergenerational refugee family communication about war and trauma. Communication Disorders Quarterly, 30(4), 195–207.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mähönen, T. A., & Jasinskaja-Lahti, I. (2012). Acculturation expectations and experiences as predictors of ethnic migrants’ psychological well-being. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 44(5), 786–806.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, J. G., & Chen, X. (2003). Immigration and adjustment from a developmental perspective. International Society for the Study of Behavioural Development, 2(44), 1–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neto, F. (2009). Are attitudes of young Portuguese towards immigration also hardening? A comparison between 1999 and 2006. In A. Gari & K. Mylonas (Eds.), Quod erat demonstrandum: from Herodotus’ ethnographic journeys to cross-cultural research (pp. 255–264). Athens: Pedio Books Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petersen, W. (1958). A general typology of migration. American Sociological Review, 23(3), 256–266.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ravenstein, E. G. (1885). The laws of migration. Journal of the Statistical Society of London, 48(2), 167–235.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rusch, D., & Reyes, K. (2012). Examining the effects of Mexican serial migration and family separations on acculturative stress, depression, and family functioning. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 35(2), 139–158.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sam, D. L. (1998). Predicting life satisfaction among adolescents from immigrant families in Norway. Ethnicity & Health, 3(1/2), 5–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steel, Z., Silove, D., Phan, T., & Bauman, A. (2002). Long-term effect of psychological trauma on the mental health of Vietnamese refugees resettled in Australia: A population-based study. The Lancet, 360(9339), 1056–1062.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Bozdağ, F., Bilge, F. (2019). Migration Process and Its Effects on Mental Health. In: Erçetin, Ş., Potas, N. (eds) Chaos, Complexity and Leadership 2017. ICCLS 2017. Springer Proceedings in Complexity. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89875-9_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89875-9_8

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-89874-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-89875-9

  • eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics