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Endophytic Bacteria in Tree Shoot Tissues and Their Effects on Host

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Endophytes of Forest Trees

Part of the book series: Forestry Sciences ((FOSC,volume 86))

Abstract

Shoot endophytic bacteria have mainly been isolated during plant tissue culture started from shoot tips (buds) or embryos. With methods such as in situ hybridization and transmission electron microscopy, endophytic bacteria have been localized in buds, seeds, and flowers of forest trees. By GFP tagging of endophytic bacteria, colonization of tree seedlings has been observed. It is still unknown whether shoot-associated bacteria are transmitted to new trees via seeds, although many results point to this direction. Interactions between the plant and endophytic bacteria in the shoots likely differ to some extent from those in the roots. Shoot endophytic bacteria share some mechanisms of plant growth promotion with the root endophytes, such as the ability of producing plant growth hormones. In addition, some shoot endophytes may affect plant growth through production of adenine derivatives or bacterial photosynthesis. An interesting new mechanism of enhancing host growth is suggested for intracellular bacteria that can act directly through production of nucleomodulins, eukaryotic transcription factors, encoded in the bacterial genome. This mechanism was identified through genome sequencing of a shoot endosymbiont. Therefore, we can expect further interesting discoveries in the future on shoot endophytes of forest trees.

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Abbreviations

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

PHB:

Polyhydroxybutyrate

GFP:

Green fluorescent protein

IAA:

Indole-acetic acid

NGS:

Next-generation sequencing

DMHF:

2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-2H-furan-3-one

BphP:

Bacteriophytochrome

ACC:

Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate

FISH:

Fluorescent in situ hybridization

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

    Anna Maria Pirttilä

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  1. Anna Maria Pirttilä
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Correspondence to Anna Maria Pirttilä .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

    Anna Maria Pirttilä

  2. School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, California, USA

    A. Carolin Frank

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Pirttilä, A.M. (2018). Endophytic Bacteria in Tree Shoot Tissues and Their Effects on Host. In: Pirttilä, A., Frank, A. (eds) Endophytes of Forest Trees. Forestry Sciences, vol 86. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89833-9_8

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