Abstract
During evolution, gene duplication of the Notch receptor suggests a progressive functional diversification. The Notch3 receptor displays a number of structural differences with respect to Notch1 and Notch2, most of which have been reported in the transmembrane and in the intracellular regions, mainly localized in the negative regulatory region (NRR) and trans-activation domain (TAD). Targeted deletion of Notch3 does not result in embryonic lethality, which is in line with its highly restricted tissue expression pattern. Importantly, deregulated Notch3 expression and/or activation, often results in disrupted cell differentiation and/or pathological development, most notably in oncogenesis in different cell contexts. Mechanistically this is due to Notch3-related genetic alterations or epigenetic or posttranslational control mechanisms. In this chapter we discuss the possible relationships between the structural differences and the pathological role of Notch3 in the control of mouse and human cancers. In future, targeting the unique features of Notch3-oncogenic mechanisms could be exploited to develop anticancer therapeutics.
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Abbreviations
- ADAM:
-
A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease
- DSL:
-
Delta, Serrate
- ECD:
-
Extracellular domain
- HD:
-
Heterodimerization domain
- NICD:
-
Notch intracellular domain
- NRR:
-
Negative regulatory region
- TAD:
-
Trans-activation domain
- LAG-2:
-
Notch Ligands or DSL ligands
- T-ALL:
-
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- Ptcra:
-
Invariant preTα chain of the pre-T cell receptor
- Tregs:
-
T regulatory cells
- IKK:
-
Inhibitor of KAPPA-B kinase complex
- PTM:
-
Post-translational modification
- IK:
-
Ikaros
- IK-DN:
-
Ikaros dominant negative isoforms
- HUD:
-
RNA-binding protein D of the ELAV/Hu family
- BORIS/CTCFL:
-
Brother Of Regulator of Imprinted Sites/CTCF-like protein
- TCR:
-
T-cell receptor
- NF-κB:
-
Nuclear factor-κB
- N1ICD:
-
Notch1 intracellular domain
- N2ICD:
-
Notch2 intracellular domain
- N3ICD:
-
Notch3 intracellular domain.
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Acknowledgments
We thank members of Screpanti’s laboratory, whose comments and work have contributed to the realization of this chapter. Work in the author’s laboratories is supported by Grants from the Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC), Institut Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti and Sapienza University of Rome. This chapter is dedicated to the memory of Professor Alberto Gulino.
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Bellavia, D., Checquolo, S., Palermo, R., Screpanti, I. (2018). The Notch3 Receptor and Its Intracellular Signaling-Dependent Oncogenic Mechanisms. In: Borggrefe, T., Giaimo, B. (eds) Molecular Mechanisms of Notch Signaling. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1066. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89512-3_10
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