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The Notch3 Receptor and Its Intracellular Signaling-Dependent Oncogenic Mechanisms

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Molecular Mechanisms of Notch Signaling

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1066))

Abstract

During evolution, gene duplication of the Notch receptor suggests a progressive functional diversification. The Notch3 receptor displays a number of structural differences with respect to Notch1 and Notch2, most of which have been reported in the transmembrane and in the intracellular regions, mainly localized in the negative regulatory region (NRR) and trans-activation domain (TAD). Targeted deletion of Notch3 does not result in embryonic lethality, which is in line with its highly restricted tissue expression pattern. Importantly, deregulated Notch3 expression and/or activation, often results in disrupted cell differentiation and/or pathological development, most notably in oncogenesis in different cell contexts. Mechanistically this is due to Notch3-related genetic alterations or epigenetic or posttranslational control mechanisms. In this chapter we discuss the possible relationships between the structural differences and the pathological role of Notch3 in the control of mouse and human cancers. In future, targeting the unique features of Notch3-oncogenic mechanisms could be exploited to develop anticancer therapeutics.

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Abbreviations

ADAM:

A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease

DSL:

Delta, Serrate

ECD:

Extracellular domain

HD:

Heterodimerization domain

NICD:

Notch intracellular domain

NRR:

Negative regulatory region

TAD:

Trans-activation domain

LAG-2:

Notch Ligands or DSL ligands

T-ALL:

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Ptcra:

Invariant preTα chain of the pre-T cell receptor

Tregs:

T regulatory cells

IKK:

Inhibitor of KAPPA-B kinase complex

PTM:

Post-translational modification

IK:

Ikaros

IK-DN:

Ikaros dominant negative isoforms

HUD:

RNA-binding protein D of the ELAV/Hu family

BORIS/CTCFL:

Brother Of Regulator of Imprinted Sites/CTCF-like protein

TCR:

T-cell receptor

NF-κB:

Nuclear factor-κB

N1ICD:

Notch1 intracellular domain

N2ICD:

Notch2 intracellular domain

N3ICD:

Notch3 intracellular domain.

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Acknowledgments

We thank members of Screpanti’s laboratory, whose comments and work have contributed to the realization of this chapter. Work in the author’s laboratories is supported by Grants from the Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC), Institut Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti and Sapienza University of Rome. This chapter is dedicated to the memory of Professor Alberto Gulino.

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Correspondence to Isabella Screpanti .

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Bellavia, D., Checquolo, S., Palermo, R., Screpanti, I. (2018). The Notch3 Receptor and Its Intracellular Signaling-Dependent Oncogenic Mechanisms. In: Borggrefe, T., Giaimo, B. (eds) Molecular Mechanisms of Notch Signaling. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1066. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89512-3_10

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