Abstract
Ask the TOSCA questions to define the problem effectively. (1) What is the Trouble or symptoms that make this problem salient at the time it is considered? (2) Who is the Owner of the problem, or, in other words, who is the “client” of the problem-solving initiative? (3) What does Success mean? More specifically, what performance criteria will the problem owner consider to gauge the solution? (4) What are the Constraints that limit the problem-solving effort and rule out some potential solutions? (5) Who are the Actors or stakeholders who have a say in the way in which you approach and solve the problem? Once you have answered these questions, you will be able to state a core question that takes into account all five TOSCA facets.
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Rittel, H.W.J., & Webber, M.M. (1973). Dilemmas in a General Theory of Planning. Policy Sciences, 4(2), 155–169.
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Garrette, B., Phelps, C., Sibony, O. (2018). State the Problem: The TOSCA Framework. In: Cracked it!. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89375-4_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89375-4_4
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