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The Microbiome: Past, Present, and Future

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The Microbiome in Rheumatic Diseases and Infection

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Abstract

It has been over 300 years since bacteria were initially identified, close to 150 years since their role in infectious diseases was demonstrated, and 100 years since a role in health and noncommunicable disease for our commensal intestinal bacteria was initially postulated. The role of the intestinal microbiota in autoimmune diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis has sparked interest since the 1950s. However, it was not until the technological breakthroughs that tremendously expanded the capacity of sequencing and computing power that took place in the early twenty-first century was it possible to explore these associations in depth. Associations between multiple microbial agents and specific autoimmune diseases are being recognized, with some microorganisms emerging as associated with autoimmune diseases and others as even being protective. How this information will be used to prevent or treat autoimmune diseases remains to be seen.

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Abbreviations

AS:

Ankylosing spondylitis

EEN:

Exclusive enteral nutrition

IBD:

Inflammatory bowel disease

JIA:

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis

RA:

Rheumatoid arthritis

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics/Division of Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA

    Matthew L. Stoll

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  1. Matthew L. Stoll
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

    Gaafar Ragab

  2. University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA

    T. Prescott Atkinson

  3. University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA

    Matthew L. Stoll

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Stoll, M.L. (2018). The Microbiome: Past, Present, and Future. In: Ragab, G., Atkinson, T., Stoll, M. (eds) The Microbiome in Rheumatic Diseases and Infection. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-79026-8_1

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