Skip to main content

Feminist Continua in Peace and Conflict Studies

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover The Palgrave Handbook of Global Approaches to Peace
  • 1365 Accesses

Abstract

This chapter defines and then engages a feminist lens to explore gender within peace and conflict studies. The heuristic of a continuum, a series of elements that share a basic character, is used to critique the use of dichotomies such as male/female, peace/war, strong/weak, active/passive, and public/private. Looking at these concepts as continua rather than in binary form allows for more critical understanding of the complexities of peace and violence, power and participation, and challenges the hierarchy implicit in these dichotomies.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 219.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 279.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Addams, J. (1907). Newer Ideals of Peace. New York: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aharoni, S. B. (2016). Who Needs the Women and Peace Hypothesis? Rethinking Modes of Inquiry on Gender and Conflict in Israel/Palestine. International Feminist Journal of Politics, 19(3), 311–326.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderlini, S. N. (2007). Women Building Peace: What They Do, Why It Matters. Boulder: Lynne Rienner.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anthias, F., & Yuval-Davis, N. (1983). Contextualizing Feminism: Gender, Ethnic and Class Divisions. Feminist Review, 15, 62–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aristophanes. (1992). Lysistrata (M. Neuberg, Ed.). Arlington Heights, IL: Crofts Classics.

    Google Scholar 

  • Armstrong, K. (2001). Foreword. In Y. Y. Haddad & J. L. Esposito (Eds.), Daughters of Abraham: Feminist Thought in Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bacani, S., & Ferrer, M. C. (2014). Developing Challenges in Achieving Fiscal Autonomy in the Bangsamoro. Development, 57(1), 96–103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Badran, M. (2009). Feminism in Islam: Secular and Religious Convergences. Oxford: Oneworld Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bailey, A. (1994). Mothering, Diversity and Peace Politics. Hypatia, 9(2), 188–198.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Banerjee, S. (2003). Gender and Nationalism: The Masculinization of Hinduism and Female Political Participation in India. Women’s Studies International Forum, 26(2), 167–179.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bell, C., & O’Rourke, C. (2010). Peace Agreements or Pieces of Paper? The Impact of UNSC Resolution 1325 on Peace Processes and Their Agreements. International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 59(4), 941–980.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boden, A. L. (2007). Women’s Rights and Religious Practice: Claims in Conflict. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Boulding, E. (1988). Warriors and Saints: Dilemmas in the History of Men, Women and War. In E. Isaksson (Ed.), Women and the Military System. London: Harvester Wheatsheef.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boulding, E. (2000). Cultures of Peace: The Hidden Side of History. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burguieres, M. K. (1990). Feminist Approaches to Peace: Another Step for Peace Studies. Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 19(1), 1–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carroll, B. A. (1972). Peace Research: The Cult of Power. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 16(4), 585–616.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carroll, T. F. (1983). Women, Religion and Development in the Third World. New York: Praeger.

    Google Scholar 

  • CFR. (2018). Women’s Participation in Peace Processes. Retrieved from: https://www.cfr.org/interactive/womens-participation-in-peace-processes.

  • Chinkin, C. (2002). Cultural Relativism and International Law. In C. W. Howland (Ed.), Religious Fundamentalisms and the Human Rights of Women. New York: Palgrave.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chinkin, C. (2012). Bringing Women in from the Margins. Paper Presented at the Hanna’s House All-Ireland “Women Delivering Peace and Security” Conference on UNSCR 1325, Dublin, Ireland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cockburn, C. (2011). Snagged on the Contradiction: NATO, UNSC Resolution 1325, and Feminist Responses. Retrieved from: http://www.cynthiacockburn.org/BlogNATO1325.pdf.

  • Cohn, C. (1987). Sex and Death in the Rational World of Defense Intellectuals. Signs, 12(4), 687–718.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cohn, C. (1993). Wars, Wimps and Women: Talking Gender and Thinking War. In M. Cooke & A. Woollacott (Eds.), Gendering War Talk. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohn, C. (2013). Women and Wars: Toward a Conceptual Framework. In C. Cohn (Ed.), Women & Wars. Cambridge: Polity.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohn, C. (2018). The Perils of Mixing Masculinity and Missiles. The New York Times. Retrieved from: https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/05/opinion/security-masculinity-nuclear-weapons.html?smid=tw-share.

  • Cohn, C., Kinsella, H., & Gibbings, S. (2004). Women, Peace and Security Resolution 1325. International Journal of Feminist Politics, 6(1), 130–140.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Collins, P. H. (1991). Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collins, P. H. (1994). Shifting the Center: Race, Class and Feminist Theorizing About Motherhood. In D. Bassin, M. Honey, & M. M. Kaplan (Eds.), Representations of Motherhood. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collins, P. H. (2015). Intersectionality’s Definitional Dilemmas. Annual Review of Sociology, 41(1), 1–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Confortini, C. C. (2006). Galtung, Violence, and Gender: The Case for a Peace Studies/Feminism Alliance. Peace & Change, 31(3), 333–367.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Confortini, C. C. (2012). Intelligent Compassion: Feminist Critical Methodology in the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Connell, R. W. (1995). Masculinities. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coomaraswamy, R., & Fonseka, D. (2004). Introduction. In R. Coomaraswamy & D. Fonseka (Eds.), Peace Work: Women, Armed Conflict and Negotiation. New Delhi: Women Unlimited.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cox, R. W. (1981). Social Forces, States and World Orders: Beyond International Relations Theory. Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 10(2), 126–155.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crenshaw, K. (1991). Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence Against Women of Color. Stanford Law Revier, 43(6), 1241–1299.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Donahoe, A. E. (2017a). Gender, Religion and International Relations. In R. A. Denemark & R. Marlin-Bennett (Eds.), The International Studies Encyclopedia. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Donahoe, A. E. (2017b). Peacebuilding Through Women’s Community Development: Wee Women’s Work in Northern Ireland. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Donnelly, J. (2000). Realism and International Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Duncanson, C. (2016). Gender and Peacebuilding. Cambridge: Polity.

    Google Scholar 

  • El-Bushra, J. (2000). Transforming Conflict: Some Thoughts on a Gendered Understanding of Conflict Processes. In S. Jacobs, R. Jacobsen, & J. Marchbank (Eds.), States of Conflict: Gender, Violence and Resistance. London: Zed Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elshtain, J. B. (1987). Women and War. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elshtain, J. B. (1992). The Power and Powerlessness of Women. In G. Bock & S. James (Eds.), Beyond Equality and Difference: Citizenship, Feminist Politics and Female Subjectivity. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Enloe, C. (1989). Bananas, Beaches and Bases. Los Angeles: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Enloe, C. (2000). Maneuvers: The International Politics of Militarizing Women’s Lives. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Enloe, C. (2004a). The Continuum of Violence: A Gender Perspective on War and Peace. In W. Giles & J. Hyndman (Eds.), Sites of Violence: Gender and Conflict Zones. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Enloe, C. (2004b). The Curious Feminist: Searching for Women in a New Age of Empire. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Enloe, C. (2016). Afterword: Being Reflexively Feminist Shouldn’t Be Easy. In A. T. R. Wibben (Ed.), Researching War: Feminist Methods, Ethics and Politics. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Galtung, J. (1969). Violence, Peace, and Peace Research. Journal of Peace Research, 6(3), 167–191.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Galtung, J. (1990). Cultural Violence. Journal of Peace Research, 27(3), 291–305.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gentry, C. E., & Sjoberg, L. (2015). Beyond Mothers, Monsters, Whores: Thinking About Women’s Violence in Global Politics. London: Zed Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibbings, S. L. (2011). No Angry Women at the United Nations: Political Dreams and the Cultural Politics of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325. International Feminist Journal of Politics, 13(4), 522–538.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gleditsch, N. P., Nordkvelle, J., & Strand, H. (2014). Peace Research—Just the Study of War? Journal of Peace Research, 51(2), 145–158.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goeman, M. R., & Denetdale, J. N. (2009). Guest Editor’s Introduction. Wicazo Sa Review, 24(2), 9–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, J. S. (2001). War and Gender. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haddad, Y. Y., & Esposito, J. L. (2001). Daughters of Abraham: Feminist Thought in Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harding, S. (1986). The Instability of the Analytical Categories of Feminist Theory. Signs, 11(4), 645–664.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hauptman, J. (1998). Rereading the Rabbis: A Woman’s Voice. Boulder: Westview Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu, H.-L. (2011). This Worldly-Nibbana: A Buddhist-Feminist Social Ethic for Peacemaking in the Global Community. New York: State University of New York Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Katz, J. (Producer). (2013). Violence Against Women–It’s a Men’s Issue. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KTvSfeCRxe8.

  • Kelly, L. (1987). The Continuum of Sexual Violence. In J. Hanmer & M. Maynard (Eds.), Women, Violence and Social Control. Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press International Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelly, L. (1988). Surviving Sexual Violence. Cambridge: Polity.

    Google Scholar 

  • Killermann, S. (2017). A Guide to Gender (2nd Edition): The Social Justice Advocate’s Handbook. Austin, TX: Impetus Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klein, A. C. (2008). Meeting the Great Bliss Queen: Buddhists, Feminists, and the Art of the Self. Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mac Ginty, R. (2014). Everyday Peace: Bottom-Up and Local Agency in Conflict-Affected Societies. Security Dialogue, 45(6), 548–564.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MacKenzie, M. (2015). Beyond the Ban of Brothers: The US Military and the Myth That Women Can’t Fight. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Mazurana, D. E., McKay, S., Carlson, K. C., & Kasper, J. C. (2009). Girls in Fighting Forces and Groups: Their Recruitment, Participation, Demobilization, and Reintegration. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 8(2), 97–123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mernissi, F. (1991). The Veil and the Male Elite: A Feminist Interpretation of Women’s Rights in Islam (M. J. Lakeland, Trans.). New York: Addison-Wesley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moghadam, V. (2002). Islamic Feminism and Its Discontents: Toward a Resolution of the Debate. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 27(4), 1135–1171.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morgenthau, H. (1967). Politics Among Nations (4th ed.). New York: Knopf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morin, K. M., & Guelke, J. K. (Eds.). (2007). Women, Religion and Space: Global Perspective on Gender and Faith. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moser, C. O. N. (2001). The Gendered Continuum of Violence and Conflict. In C. O. N. Moser & F. C. Clark (Eds.), Victims, Perpetrators or Actors? London: Zed Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moser, C. O. N., & Clark, F. C. (2001). Victims, Perpetrators or Actors? Gender, Armed Conflict, and Political Violence. London: Zed Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nixon, R. (2011). Slow Violence and the Environmentalism of the Poor. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • O’Rourke, C. (2014). ‘Walk[ing] the Halls of Power’? Understanding Women’s Participation in International Peace and Security. Melbourne Journal of International Law, 15(1), 128–154.

    Google Scholar 

  • PeaceWomen. (2018). The Resolutions. Retrieved from: http://www.peacewomen.org/why-WPS/solutions/resolutions.

  • Peach, L. J. (2002). Women and World Religions. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, A. (1998). The Politics of Presence. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Pratt, N., & Richter-Devroe, S. (2011). Critically Examining UNSCR 1325 on Women, Peace and Security. International Journal of Feminist Politics, 13(4), 489–503.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ramee, B. (2013). Did Buddhism Elevate the Status of Women? Asia-Pacific Journal of Social Sciences, 5(1), 167.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reardon, B. A. (1993). Women and Peace: Feminist Visions of Global Security. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, F. (2006). Methods of Feminist Normative Theory: A Political Ethic of Care for International Relations. In B. A. Ackerly, M. Stern, & J. True (Eds.), Feminist Methodologies for International Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rowlands, J. (1997). Questioning Empowerment: Working with Women in Honduras. Oxford: Oxfam.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Ruddick, S. (2002). Maternal Thinking: Toward a Politics of Peace. Boston: Beacon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma, A. (2002). Women in Indian Religions. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shields, P. M., & Soeters, J. (2017). Peaceweaving: Jane Addams, Positive Peace, and Public Administration. American Review of Public Administration, 47(3), 323–339.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, A. (2008). Native Americans and the ChristianRight: The Gendered Politics of Unlikely Alliances. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, A. (2011). Indigenous Feminism Without Apology. Retrieved from: https://unsettlingamerica.wordpress.com/2011/09/08/indigenous-feminism-without-apology/.

  • Smith, A., & Kauanui, J. K. (2008). Native Feminisms Engage American Studies. American Quarterly, 60(2), 241–249.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spivak, G. C. (1994). Can the Subaltern Speak. In P. Williams & L. Chrisman (Eds.), Colonial Discourse and Post-colonial Theory: A Reader. Herfordshire: Harvester Wheatsheaf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sylvester, C. (2002). Feminist International Relations: An Unfinished Journey. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tickner, J. A. (2001). Gendering World Politics: Issues and Approaches in the Post-Cold War Era. New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turshen, M., & Twagiramariya, C. (1998). What Women Do in Wartime: Gender and Conflict in Africa. London: Zed Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • UN Women. (2012). Women’s Participation in Peace Negotiations: Connections Between Presence and Influence. Retrieved from: http://www.unwomen.org/-/media/headquarters/attachments/sections/library/publications/2012/10/wpssourcebook-03a-womenpeacenegotiations-en.pdf?la=en&vs=1159.

  • USIP (United States Institute of Peace). (2013). What Is UN Security Council Resolution 1325 and Why Is It So Critical Today? Retrieved from: http://www.usip.org/gender_peacebuilding/about_UNSCR_1325#Why_did_the_UN_Security_Council_pass_Resolution_1325_.

  • Vaittinen, T. (2017). The Global Biopolitical Economy of Needs: Transnational Entanglements Between Ageing Finald and the Global Nurse Reserve of the Philippines. Tampere: Tampere University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Väyrynen, T. (2010). Gender and Peacebuilding. In O. P. Richmond (Ed.), Palgrave Advances in Peacebuilding. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wibben, A. T. R. (2016). Introduction: Feminists Study War. In A. T. R. Wibben (Ed.), Researching War: Feminist Methods, Ethics and Politics. London: Routledge.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • WILPF (Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom). (2015). Gender, Economic, Social and Ecological Justice for Sustainable Development A Feminist Declaration for Post 2015. Retrieved from: https://wilpf.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Feminists-Post-2015-Declaration.pdf.

  • Wood, H. (2018). Current Debated in Peace and Conflict Studies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yuval-Davis, N. (2001). The Personal Is Political: Jewish Fundamentalism and Women’s Empowerment. In C. W. Howland (Ed.), Religious Fundamentalisms and the Human Rights of Women. New York: Palgrave.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yuval-Davis, N. (2006). Intersectionality and Feminist Politics. European Journal of Women’s Studies, 13(3), 193–209.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Donahoe, A.E. (2019). Feminist Continua in Peace and Conflict Studies. In: Kulnazarova, A., Popovski, V. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Global Approaches to Peace. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78905-7_5

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics