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Molecular Determinants of Head and Neck Cancer pp 525–544Cite as

Hyaluronan-Mediated CD44 Signaling Activates Cancer Stem Cells in Head and Neck Cancer

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Abstract

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an aggressive disease associated with high morbidity and mortality. Hyaluronan (HA), a major component in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of most mammalian tissues, is accumulated in many types of tumors including HNSCC and is also highly concentrated in stem cell niches. The unique HA-enriched microenvironment appears to be involved in both the self-renewal and differentiation of human cancer stem cells (CSCs). HA binds to a ubiquitous, abundant, and functionally important family of cell surface receptors, defined by CD44. This article reviews the current evidence for the existence of a subpopulation of CD44-expressing cancer stem cells (CSCs) in HNSCC. A special emphasis is placed on HA/CD44-dependent expression of stem cell transcription factors (Nanog, OCT4, and SOX2), cell signaling, and oncogenic microRNA activation, and how the action of these factors supports CSC functions including formation of spheroid cells, self-renewal, clone formation, and chemotherapeutic drug resistance. All of these events are known to contribute to CSC-associated tumor initiation and HNSCC progression in head and neck cancer. HA/CD44-mediated CSC signaling pathways are emerging as important structural and functional tumor markers. In addition, these proteins may be valuable as drug targets in strategies to inhibit tumor cell growth, survival, and invasion/metastasis as well as to overcome chemoresistance in HNSCC.

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Acknowledgment

We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Dr. Gerard J. Bourguignon in the preparation and review of this manuscript. This work was supported by Veterans Affairs (VA) Merit Review Awards (RR & D-1I01 RX000601 and BLR & D-5I01 BX000628) and United States Public Health grants (R01 CA66163). LYWB is a VA senior research career scientist.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco & Endocrine Unit (111N2), San Francisco, CA, USA

    Lilly Y. W. Bourguignon

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  1. Lilly Y. W. Bourguignon
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Correspondence to Lilly Y. W. Bourguignon .

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  1. Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA

    Barbara Burtness

  2. Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    Erica A. Golemis

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Bourguignon, L.Y.W. (2018). Hyaluronan-Mediated CD44 Signaling Activates Cancer Stem Cells in Head and Neck Cancer. In: Burtness, B., Golemis, E. (eds) Molecular Determinants of Head and Neck Cancer. Current Cancer Research. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78762-6_19

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78762-6_19

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-78762-6

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