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Innate Immune Recognition Molecules

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Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns in Human Diseases

Abstract

A typical feature of all mobile and sessile cells of the innate immune system refers to the expression of pattern recognition molecules which provide them with the unique property to sense and respond to any cell stress/tissue injury, be it of infectious or sterile nature. The process is based on the recognition of conserved structures of microbes known as microbe-molecular patterns or pathogen-associated molecular patterns and stress/injury-induced DAMPs emitted during any infectious or sterile cell stress/tissue injury. Part II presents a short introduction to the diversity of these recognition molecules which principally can be divided into cellular and soluble humoral molecules. Currently, several families of cell-bound pattern recognition molecules (PRMs) have been identified, including the well-characterized Toll-like receptors, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors, retinoic acid-inducible gene I-like receptors, absent in melanoma 2-like receptors together with other cytosolic DNA sensors, and C-type lectin receptors. These “classical” PRMs are complemented by other families of (sometimes called) “non-classical” PRMs including scavenger receptors, purinergic receptors, G protein-coupled receptors, nociceptors, fragment crystallizable region receptors, and activating receptors of innate lymphoid cells. The briefly described soluble humoral PRMs include natural immunoglobulin M, complement fragment Cq1, pentraxins, ficolins, and collectins. The existence of such a plethora of various PRMs as here only modestly described identifies our innate immune system as an incredibly vast and broad-defined organ of perception that reacts upon any infectious/sterile injury with an adequately regulated innate immune response to restore and maintain homeostasis.

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    Walter Gottlieb Land

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Land, W.G. (2018). Innate Immune Recognition Molecules. In: Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns in Human Diseases. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78655-1_5

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