Abstract
Assuming that the continuation of pastoralism (Pastoralism includes all livestock breeding activities which extensively graze, the sources of fodder spontaneously supplied by natural areas, in order to provide all or part of animal feed. [Association française de pastoralisme, @: pastoralisme.net]) goes together with the conservation of open environments, one of the objectives of the program LIFE + MIL’OUV (www.lifemilouv.org) combines naturalist and zootechnical skills. For this aim, the specialists in animal husbandry and field ecology involved in this program, worked with breeders to identify ways and means for an optimized management of these environments. The method is succinctly discussed here to illustrate a cross-analysis of the viability of animal husbandry and that of the natural environment. This construction process seems also useful to create and maintain a common culture between domains too often evolving, separately, whereas reciprocal benefits could be obtained. Indeed, better management means both an optimal use of the resources available for herds, and the maintenance by the pastoral practices in these areas of high heritage value. The presentation of four systems of animal husbandry met during the project and their trajectories, highlights these reciprocal benefits: a rangeland can be considered as a reserve of grass for the herds or as an environment with challenging conservation stakes but the viability of one cannot be achieved without the other.
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Notes
- 1.
In 1954, he becomes the first holder of the Chair of applied ecology and nature protection of the MNHN (Paris, Brunoy); see Heim (1965) for a biography
- 2.
This article is a very personal account of works of a garrigue committee (consisting of scientists and socio-professionals) which met in 1943 and 1944 under the framework of the 10th Economic Region
- 3.
The adjective ‘leplaysien’ was forged by Kalaora and Savoye (1986); it refers to the sociologist ‘Frédéric Le Play’ who was devoted to forests and who replaced them in their economic and social context to derive the management rules from them. The ‘Leplaysiens’ foresters distinguish themselves from other foresters by being interested in rural mountain societies and taking into account their development issues in the management and reforestation of these areas.
- 4.
Foresters of the Nîmes School object to reforestation (artificial plantations of conifers) and urged their colleagues to be very careful about the natural dynamics (see Mure and Lepart 2006).
- 5.
Olivier Nougarède (1994) made a critical analysis of its use
- 6.
The notion of an ecosystem, which focuses on interactions without assuming equilibrium, was put forward as a theory by Tansley (1935) and the very first applications were carried out on natural systems during the Second World War
- 7.
Lepart et al. 2011
- 8.
Lepart and Fonderflick (in preparation)
- 9.
CIVAM: Centres d’Initiatives pour Valoriser l’Agriculture et le Milieu rural, @: http://www.civam.org/index.php/agriculture-durable/agriculture-projets-locaux/471-le-civam-empreinte-un-groupe-d-echange-pour-valoriser-les-vegetations-spontanees
- 10.
The AMAP promotes a marketing system based on the principle of a direct contract between the consumers and the producers
- 11.
Terres Vivantes supports the creation of agricultural activity and the animation on rural areas. It welcomes and offers support to people wanting to settle in agriculture, often in a progressive manner, sometimes with “atypical” projects. @: http://www.terresvivantes.org/
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Lepart, J., Huron, J., Girardin, S. (2019). Enhancing Coviability Through an Eco-Pastoral Approach, the European Project LIFE + MIL’OUV. In: Barrière, O., et al. Coviability of Social and Ecological Systems: Reconnecting Mankind to the Biosphere in an Era of Global Change. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78497-7_17
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