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Sesquiterpene Lactones pp 3–17Cite as

Overview

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Abstract

Sesquiterpene lactones (STLs) are a group of naturally occurring compounds, most of them found in the Asteraceae family but also present in Apiaceae, Magnoliaceae, and Lauraceae. To date about 8000 compounds have been reported. They consist of a C15 backbone with numerous modifications resulting in a variety of structures but with the common feature of a γ-lactone ring. They are classified in four major groups: germacranolides, eudesmanolides, guaianolides, and pseudoguaianolides, though there are other subtypes. There has been an increasing interest in sesquiterpene lactones due to the wide range of biological activities they present. Among the activities found, antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiulcerogenic, molluscicidal, antihelminthic, hepatoprotective and hepatotherapeutic, antiprotozoal, antidepressant, and bitter properties have been described. Besides, they play an important role in the interaction of plants with insects acting as attractants, deterrents, and antifeedants. These compounds were considered at first highly cytotoxic, but chemical transformations have enhanced their biological activities and diminished their cytotoxicity, so considerable attention has been drawn again on them as lead molecules. Artemisinin derivatives, artesunate, and artemether are drugs currently being employed, and dimethylaminoparthenolide, a parthenolide synthetic analogue, and mipsagargin, a prodrug from thapsigargin, are under clinical trials.

A summary with the most important findings about the known sesquiterpene lactones, artemisinin, parthenolide, cynaropicrin, dehydroleucodine, mexicanin, helenalin, costunolide, santonin, arglabin, and thapsigargin, will be given.

Studies about the adverse health effects, toxicity, and ecological roles of some sesquiterpene lactones are also mentioned.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Farmacognosia, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Valeria P. Sülsen

  2. CONICET – Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco - CONICET (IQUIMEFA), Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Valeria P. Sülsen & Virginia S. Martino

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  1. Valeria P. Sülsen
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Correspondence to Valeria P. Sülsen .

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  1. University of Buenos Aires, CONICET University of Buenos Aires, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Valeria Patricia Sülsen

  2. University of Buenos Aires, CONICET University of Buenos Aires, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Virginia Susana Martino

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Sülsen, V.P., Martino, V.S. (2018). Overview. In: Sülsen, V., Martino, V. (eds) Sesquiterpene Lactones. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78274-4_1

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