Abstract
This Caribbean journey from Haiti to Guyana was carried out in 1968. The highlights were the dictatorial Duvalier regime in Haiti; the Dominican Republic in the aftermath of the assassination of Trujillo; the Americanization of Puerto Rico; and the newly introduced associated status of the former British colonies in the Lesser Antilles. Here decolonization, after the collapse of the British West Indies Federation in 1962, was being re-stated as fragmentation in the case of Anguilla. A major feature of the south-east Caribbean was the independence of Trinidad and Tobago in 1962 and Guyana in 1966, but each was wracked by East Indian-Creole tension and politico-racial rivalry. The final section of the chapter dealt with a visit to Cuba in 1969, a decade after Castro’s revolution.
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Notes
- 1.
Sloughbucks or Buckinghamshire, UK.
- 2.
For disproving of the myth of slave breeding in Barbuda see David Lowenthal and Colin G. Clarke ‘Slave-Breeding in Barbuda : The Past of a Negro Myth,’ in Vera Rubin and Arthur Tuden (eds.), ‘Comparative Perspectives on Slavery in New World Plantation Societies,’ Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. 292, 1977, 510–535.
- 3.
Stipendiary Magistrates were appointed by the British government to be independent of the local judiciary in the British Caribbean during Apprenticeship (1834–1838) and after slave emancipation in 1838; in other words, to be less influenced by planters in their dealing with the ex-slaves than regular magistrates.
- 4.
Erich Fromm (1900–1980) was a German-born psychoanalyst and philosopher, interested in the interaction between psychology and society, focusing on human nature, ethics, and love.
- 5.
These young people were essentially the offshoots of Walter Rodney’s Black Power Movement in Jamaica—and the other British Caribbean territories. For an account of Black Power in the Caribbean at this time see Walter Rodney, The Groundings with My Brothers, 1969.
- 6.
Jean Rhys, Wide Sargasso Sea, 1966.
- 7.
The Federal Maple was one of two ships (the other being the Federal Palm) given by Canada to the British West Indies Federation when it was set up in 1958–1962. The purpose of the two ships was to provide an integrated service of inter-territorial shipping, which had previously been piecemeal, when it had been run on a purely commercial basis.
- 8.
The fact that the turnout of voters at the Trinidad 1971 general election, which the DLP did not contest, was recorded as low as 33 percent suggests that voting machines were not being used by the Creole government to fix results (Colin Clarke, ‘Society and Electoral Politics in Trinidad and Tobago,’ in Colin Clarke (ed.), Society and Politics in the Caribbean, 1991, 47–77).
- 9.
Hannah Boodoo was a student at Liverpool University, and in my tutorial group in geography in 1964–1965.
- 10.
For an account of Hampden Estate, Jamaica, see Colin Clarke, Race, Class and the Politics of Decolonization: Jamaica Journals, 1961 and 1968, 2015, 179–182.
- 11.
Hugh Thomas, Cuba or the Pursuit of Freedom, 1971, 897.
References
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Clarke, Colin (ed.) (1991) Society and Politics in the Caribbean. Basingstoke: St Antony’s-Macmillan Series.
Clarke, Colin and Gillian Clarke (2010) Post-Colonial Trinidad: An Ethnographic Journal. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Clarke, Colin (2015) Race, Class, and the Politics of Decolonization: Jamaica Journals, 1961 and 1968. Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Lowenthal, David and Colin G. Clarke (1977) ‘Slave-breeding in Barbuda: The Past of a Negro Myth,’ in Vera Rubin and Arthur Tuden (eds.), Comparative Perspectives on Slavery in New World Plantation Societies, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol. 292, 510–535.
Naipaul, V. S. (1972) The Overcrowded Barracoon and Other Articles. London: André Deutsch.
Rodney, Walter (1969) The Groundings with My Brothers. London: Bogle-L’Ouverture Publications.
Rhys, Jean (1966) Wide Sargasso Sea. London: André Deutsch.
Thomas, Hugh (1971) Cuba or The Pursuit of Freedom. London: Eyre & Spttiswoode.
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Clarke, C. (2019). The Caribbean in the Late 1960s. In: Mexico and the Caribbean Under Castro's Eyes. Studies of the Americas. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77170-0_3
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