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Osteochondral Tissue Engineering pp 189–205Cite as

Promising Biomolecules

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Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1059))

Abstract

The osteochondral defect (OD) comprises the articular cartilage and its subchondral bone. The treatment of these lesions remains as one of the most problematic clinical issues, since these defects include different tissues, requiring distinct healing approaches. Among the growing applications of regenerative medicine, clinical articular cartilage repair has been used for two decades, and it is an effective example of translational medicine; one of the most used cell-based repair strategies includes implantation of autologous cells in degradable scaffolds such as alginate, agarose, collagen, chitosan, chondroitin sulfate, cellulose, silk fibroin, hyaluronic acid, and gelatin, among others. Concerning the repair of osteochondral defects, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine started to design single- or bi-phased scaffold constructs, often containing hydroxyapatite-collagen composites, usually used as a bone substitute. Biomolecules such as natural and synthetic have been explored to recreate the cartilage-bone interface through multilayered biomimetic scaffolds. In this chapter, a succinct description about the most relevant natural and synthetic biomolecules used on cartilage and bone repair, describing the procedures to obtain these biomolecules, their chemical structure, common modifications to improve its characteristics, and also their application in the biomedical fields, is given.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. 3B’s Research Group – Biomolecules, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal

    Isabel Oliveira, Ana L. Carvalho, Hajer Radhouani, Cristiana Gonçalves, J. Miguel Oliveira & Rui L. Reis

  2. ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal

    Isabel Oliveira, Ana L. Carvalho, Hajer Radhouani, Cristiana Gonçalves, J. Miguel Oliveira & Rui L. Reis

  3. The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Barco/Guimarães, Portugal

    J. Miguel Oliveira & Rui L. Reis

Authors
  1. Isabel Oliveira
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  2. Ana L. Carvalho
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  3. Hajer Radhouani
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  4. Cristiana Gonçalves
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  5. J. Miguel Oliveira
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  6. Rui L. Reis
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Correspondence to Hajer Radhouani .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. 3B’s Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal

    J. Miguel Oliveira

  2. 3B’s Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal

    Sandra Pina

  3. 3B’s Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal

    Rui L. Reis

  4. Polymeric Nanomaterials and Biomaterials Department, Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Madrid, Spain

    Julio San Roman

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Oliveira, I., Carvalho, A.L., Radhouani, H., Gonçalves, C., Oliveira, J.M., Reis, R.L. (2018). Promising Biomolecules. In: Oliveira, J., Pina, S., Reis, R., San Roman, J. (eds) Osteochondral Tissue Engineering. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1059. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76735-2_8

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