Skip to main content

Protocols of Control: Collaboration in Free and Open Source Software

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
  • 609 Accesses

Part of the book series: Dynamics of Virtual Work ((DVW))

Abstract

Handler shows in his chapter the importance of control in producing free and open source software (f/oss). He describes how control mechanism are not exclusive to industrial production. Rather they are central for processes which are based on decentralisation and flexibility. By looking at the central role of control in f/oss, it shows that the commons and the commodities model are both subject of a computational logic that ultimately rests on control. Handler argues that while this computational logic has specific features and repercussions, it can operate differently depending on the social and cultural contexts. Computational control, embedded in the collaborative ethic of f/oss, not only allows exit points of this decentralised control but it also starts to change how software programmers collaborate.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Ågerfalk, P., & Fitzgerald, B. (2008). Outsourcing to an unknown workforce: Exploring opensourcing as a global sourcing strategy. MIS Quarterly, 6(1), 385–409.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Agre, P. E. (1994). Surveillance and capture: Two models of privacy. The Information Society, 10(2), 101–127.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Andrejevic, M. (2007). ISpy: Surveillance and power in the interactive era. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barbrook, R. (2000). Cyber-Communism: How the Americans are superseding capitalism in cyberspace. Science as Culture, 9(1), 5–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bauman, Z., & Lyon, D. (2013). Liquid surveillance: A conversation. Cambridge: Polity Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bauwens, M. (2013). Thesis on digital labor in an emerging P2P economy. In T. Scholz (Ed.), Digital labor: The Internet as playground and factory (pp. 207–210). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benkler, Y. (2006). The wealth of networks: How social production transforms markets and freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berdou, E. (2011). Organization in open source communities: At the crossroads of the gift and market economy. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergquist, M., & Ljungberg, J. (2001). The power of gifts: Organizing social relationships in open source communities. Information Systems Journal, 11(4), 305–320.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berry, D. M. (2015). Critical theory and the digital. New York: Bloomsbury.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boltanski, L., & Chiapello, È. (2007). The new spirit of capitalism. London: Verso.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crowston, K., & Howison, J. (2006). Hierarchy and centralization in free and open source software team communications. Knowledge, Technology & Policy, 18(4), 65–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dabbish, L., Stuart, C., Tsay, J., & Herbsleb, J. (2012). Social coding in GitHub: Transparency and collaboration in an open software repository. In Proceedings of ACM 2012 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (pp. 1277–1286). New York: ACM Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Angelis, M. (2017). Omnia sunt communia: On the commons and the transformation to postcapitalism. London: Zed Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deleuze, G. (1992). Postscript on the societies of control. October, 59, 3–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deleuze, G., & Guattari, F. (1987). A thousand plateaus. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dyer-Whiteford, N. (2007). Commonism. Turbulence, 1. Retrieved from http://turbulence.org.uk/turbulence-1/commonism/

  • Fisher, E. (2010). Media and new capitalism in the digital age the spirit of networks. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Fogel, K. (2013). Producing open source software: How to run a successful free software project. O’Reilly Media. Retrieved from http://producingoss.com/en/producingoss.pdf

  • Foucault, M. (1995). Discipline and punish: The birth of the prison. New York: Vintage Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Franklin, S. (2015). Control: Digitality as cultural logic. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Free Software Foundation. (2017, March 20). Selling free software. Retrieved April 23, 2017, from https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/selling.html

  • Fuller, M. (Ed.). (2017). How to be a geek: Essays on the culture of software. Cambridge: Polity.

    Google Scholar 

  • Galloway, A. R. (2006). Protocol: How control exists after decentralization. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hecker, F. (1999). Setting up shop: The business of open-source software. IEEE Software, 16(1), 45–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hesmondhalgh, D. (2013). The cultural industries. London: SAGE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hesmondhalgh, D., & Baker, S. (2011). Creative labour: Media work in three cultural industries. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoover, D. H., & Oshineye, A. (2010). Apprenticeship patterns: Guidance for the aspiring software craftsman. Cambridge, MA: O’Reilly.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kniberg, H. (2008, March 31). Version control for multiple agile teams. Retrieved April 21, 2017, from https://www.infoq.com/articles/agile-version-control

  • Lovink, G., & Rossiter, N. (Eds.). (2007). MyCreativity reader: A critique of creative industries. Amsterdam: Institute of Network Cultures.

    Google Scholar 

  • Löwgren, J., & Reimer, B. (2013). Collaborative media: Production, consumption, and design interventions. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lyon, D. (2007). Surveillance studies: An overview. Cambridge: Polity.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mancuso, S. (2015). The software craftsman: Professionalism, pragmatism, pride. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Manovich, L. (2013). Software takes command: Extending the language of new media. New York: Bloomsbury.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marlow, J., Dabbish, L., & Herbsleb, J. (2013). Impression formation in online peer production: Activity traces and personal profiles in GitHub. In Proceedings of the 2013 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (pp. 117–128). New York: ACM Press. Retrieved from http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=2441776.2441792

  • McBreen, P. (2002). Software craftsmanship: The new imperative. Boston: Addison-Wesley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meng, B., & Wu, F. (2013). COMMONS/COMMODITY: Peer production caught in the web of the commercial market. Information, Communication & Society, 16(1), 125–145.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nyman, L., & Mikkonen, T. (2011). To fork or not to fork: Fork motivations in sourceforge projects. In S. A. Hissam, B. Russo, M. G. de Mendonça Neto, & F. Kon (Eds.), Open source systems: Grounding research (Vol. 365, pp. 259–268). Berlin: Springer. Retrieved from http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-642-24418-6

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Mahony, S. (2005). Nonprofit foundations and their role in community-firm software collaboration. In J. Feller (Ed.), Perspectives on free and open source software (pp. 393–414). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Neil, M. (2009). Cyberchiefs: Autonomy and authority in online tribes. London: Pluto Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Okoli, C., & Nguyen, J. (2016). Business models for free and open source software: Insights from a Delphi study. Retrieved March 14, 2017, from https://ssrn.com/abstract=2568185

  • Open Source Initiative. (2006). Frequently asked questions. How is ‘open source’ related to ‘free software’? Retrieved December 1, 2016, from https://web.archive.org/web/20060423094434/http://www.opensource.org/advocacy/faq.html

  • Perens, B. (1999). The open source definition. In C. DiBona, S. Ockman, & M. Stone (Eds.), Open sources: Voices from the open source revolution (pp. 171–188). Sebastopol: O’Reilly.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perens, B. (2005). The emerging economic paradigm of Open Source. First Monday, Special issue 2. Retrieved from http://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/1470/1385

  • Raymond, E. S. (2000). The Jargon File (version 4.4.7). Retrieved from http://www.catb.org/jargon/html/index.html

  • Rigi, J. (2013). Peer production and Marxian communism: Contours of a new emerging mode of production. Capital & Class, 37(3), 397–416.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shaw, A., & Hill, B. M. (2014). Laboratories of Oligarchy? How the iron law extends to peer production. Journal of Communication, 64(2), 215–238.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Söderberg, J. (2012). Hacking capitalism: The free and open source software (foss) movement. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spehr, C. (2007). Free cooperation. In G. Lovink & T. Scholz (Eds.), The art of free cooperation (pp. 65–180). Brooklyn: Autonomedia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stallman, R. (2016, November 18). Why open source misses the point of free software. Retrieved 3 April 2017, from https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html

  • Storey, M.-A., Singer, L., Cleary, B., Figueira Filho, F., & Zagalsky, A. (2014). The (R)evolution of social media in software engineering. In Proceedings of Future of Software Engineering (pp. 100–116). New York: ACM Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsay, J., Dabbish, L., & Herbsleb, J. (2014). Influence of social and technical factors for evaluating contribution in GitHub. In Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Software Engineering (pp. 356–366). New York: ACM Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Dijck, J. (2014). Datafication, dataism and dataveillance: Big data between scientific paradigm and ideology. Surveillance & Society, 12(2), 197–208.

    Google Scholar 

  • Velkova, J. (2016). Free software beyond radical politics: Negotiations of creative and craft autonomy in digital visual media production. Media and Communication, 4(4), 43–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weber, S. (2004). The success of open source. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wheeler, D. A. (2015, July 18). Why Open Source Software / Free Software (OSS/FS, FLOSS, or FOSS)? Look at the Numbers! Retrieved February 4, 2017, from https://www.dwheeler.com/oss_fs_why.html

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Handler, R.A. (2018). Protocols of Control: Collaboration in Free and Open Source Software. In: Bilić , P., Primorac, J., Valtýsson, B. (eds) Technologies of Labour and the Politics of Contradiction. Dynamics of Virtual Work. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76279-1_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76279-1_10

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-76278-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-76279-1

  • eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics