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Paleogene Magmatism of the Maracaibo Block and Its Tectonic Significance

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Book cover Geology and Tectonics of Northwestern South America

Part of the book series: Frontiers in Earth Sciences ((FRONTIERS))

Abstract

One of the main northern South American geological conundrums has been to establish the tectonic relationship between Caribbean and South American plates during Mesozoic and Cenozoic times. Based on the petrogenetic interpretation of magmatic bodies within the Maracaibo block, we suggest an interplay between subduction and overthrusting tectonics in the northern part of South America during the Cenozoic. Our data show that the subduction of the Caribbean Plate beneath the South American Plate started around 65 million years ago, as is evidenced by the presence of trondhjemitic intrusions in the Santa Marta Province. Then, after a ca. 5-million-year magmatic gap, the evolution of this subduction system allowed the formation of a magmatic arc represented by the calc-alkaline Santa Marta Batholith (~56–49 Ma) and Parashi Pluton (51–47 Ma). For the interval between 50 and 25 million years, our data and compiled data point to a reduction in the tectonic activity, which is supported by relatively slow rates of cooling and uplifting in the Maracaibo block. Finally, for the period since the early Miocene, the reported uplift data, subsidence rates, and stratigraphic discordances indicate a differential uplift of the Maracaibo block, decreasing from the northwestern tip (Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta) toward the southeast (Merida Andes) and suggesting that this tectonic “reactivation” is the result of dominant overthrusting tectonics.

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Acknowledgments

This research was partially supported by IGCP, geophysics commission graduate scholarship program (2008) to Duque-Trujillo, J.; Project #2289 from Fundación para la promoción de la Investigación y la Tecnología del Banco de la Republica (BANREP), and PAPIIT project #IN-114508. Authors would like to thank Susana María Hoyos Muñoz for assistance in the editing with text and figure edition.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Earth Sciences Department, EAFIT University, Medellín, Colombia

    José F. Duque-Trujillo, Carlos Javier Sánchez & Andrés L. Cárdenas-Rozo

  2. Centro de Geociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Qro., Mexico

    Teresa Orozco-Esquivel

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  1. José F. Duque-Trujillo
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  2. Teresa Orozco-Esquivel
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  3. Carlos Javier Sánchez
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  4. Andrés L. Cárdenas-Rozo
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Correspondence to José F. Duque-Trujillo .

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  1. Consulting Geologist, Department of Geology, University EAFIT, Medellín, Colombia

    Fabio Cediel

  2. Consulting Geologist, Kelowna, BC, Canada

    Robert Peter Shaw

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Duque-Trujillo, J.F., Orozco-Esquivel, T., Sánchez, C.J., Cárdenas-Rozo, A.L. (2019). Paleogene Magmatism of the Maracaibo Block and Its Tectonic Significance. In: Cediel, F., Shaw, R.P. (eds) Geology and Tectonics of Northwestern South America. Frontiers in Earth Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76132-9_7

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