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Diplomacy of the Uprising

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Book cover Peasant Violence and Antisemitism in Early Twentieth-Century Eastern Europe

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Abstract

In this chapter, the author offers an analysis of the highest circle of news propagation and charts the coursing of information through the diplomatic structures of Austria-Hungary and Tsarist Russia, relying on correspondence between the consulates in Romania and the imperial metropolitan centres. The main concerns of the diplomats, their risk assessment advice and appraisal of the contamination potential of the uprising, as well as the measures suggested and taken, form the core of this chapter.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    PAAA, Berlin, R 9653, Rumänien Allgemeine Angelegenheiten April–December 1907, Report no. 117, Vienna, 4 April 1907, pp. 1–3.

  2. 2.

    Andrei Oțetea; Ion Popescu-Puțuri (eds), Documente privind marea răscoală a țăranilor din 1907 (henceforth quoted as Documente), București, Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, 1977-., vol. 2, p. 356; Documente, vol. 3, p. 140–141, 251.

  3. 3.

    MOL, K 26 Miniszterelnök, ‘Abschrift eines Telegrammes des k.u.k. Gesandten in Bukarest vom 5. April 1907, No. 33’, 1907, p. 67.

  4. 4.

    MOL, K 26 Miniszterelnök, ‘K.u.K. Ministerium des kaiserl. Und königl. Hauses und des Aeussern/Aerenthal – Seiner Excellenz dem Herrn königlich ungarischen Minister-Präsidenten Dr. Alexander Wekerle’, Wien am 9. April 1907, pp. 125–127 – emphasis added.

  5. 5.

    HHStA, Karton 9: Ges. Bukarest, Berichte 1907–1908, 19. April 1907, no. 20: B, ‘Eine Bitte des Herrn Sturdza betreffend Durchlieferung russischer Matrosen des Kniaz Potemkin die nach Amerika auswandern’

  6. 6.

    HHStA, Wien, Karton 7, 7 March 1907, No. 9, Abschrift eines an das hohe k.u.k. Ministerium des Aeussern erstattenen Berichtes vom 27 Nov. 1906 Nr. 72 res, des k.u.k. Consulates in Jassy.

  7. 7.

    HHStA, Wien, Karton 7, 7 March 1907, No. 9, Abschrift eines an das hohe k.u.k. Ministerium des Aeussern erstattenen Berichtes vom 27 Nov. 1906 Nr. 72 res, des k.u.k. Consulates in Jassy.

  8. 8.

    HHStA, Wien, Karton 7, 7 March 1907, No. 9, Abschrift eines an das hohe k.u.k. Ministerium des Aeussern erstattenen Berichtes vom 27 Nov. 1906 Nr. 72 res, des k.u.k. Consulates in Jassy.

  9. 9.

    HHStA, Wien, Karton 39, PA, XVIII, Bericht no. 9, F, Bucharest, 7 March 1907, pp. 101–102.

  10. 10.

    HHStA, Wien, Karton 39, PA, XVIII, Bericht no. 9, F, Bucharest, 7 March 1907, p. 102.

  11. 11.

    HHStA, Wien, Karton 39, PA, XVIII, Rumaenien Ber Weisungen Varia, pp. 149–150.

  12. 12.

    MOL, K 26 Miniszterelnök, Prinz Schönburg an Freiherrn von Aehrenthal, Bericht nr. 15 C., Bukarest, 3. April 1907, p. 117.

  13. 13.

    MOL, K 26 Miniszterelnök, Prinz Schönburg an Freiherrn von Aehrenthal, Bericht nr. 15 C., Bukarest, 3. April 1907, p. 118.

  14. 14.

    HHStA, Wien, Karton 39, PA, XVIII, 30 May 1907, report no 30, A-B, from Schoenburg to Aerenthal, pp. 250–251.

  15. 15.

    HHStA, Wien, Karton 39, PA, XVIII, 30 May 1907, report no 30, A-B, from Schoenburg to Aerenthal, p. 251.

  16. 16.

    Abschrift eines Telegrames des k.u.k. Gesandten in Bukarest vom 24. Maerz, 1907, MOL, K. 26 Miniszterelnök, p. 66.

  17. 17.

    HHStA, Wien, Karton 39, PA, XVIII, Varia, Bericht, Bukarest 4 April 1907.

  18. 18.

    Abschrift eines Telegrames des k.u.k. Gesandten in Bukarest vom 24. Maerz, 1907, MOL, K. 26 Miniszterelnök, p. 64.

  19. 19.

    HHStA, Wien, Karton 39, PA, XVIII, Varia, Bericht, Bukarest 4 April 1907, p. 14.

  20. 20.

    Ion Lahovari (1844–1915) was interim Minister of Foreign Affairs between 9 February 1907 and 11 March 1907.

  21. 21.

    HHStA, Wien, Karton 39, PA, XVIII, Varia, Bericht, Bukarest 4 April 1907, p. 14, verso.

  22. 22.

    ANR, Arhiva CC al PCR, Colecție nr. 50, Unitate de păstrare nr. 10,256, p. 32: newspaper cutting from Adevărul , 24 Mai 1912, ‘Răscoalele țărănești. Represiunea, armatele străine și partidul agrar. Cum judecă d. Virgil Arion atitudinea și acțiunea partidului conservator’.

  23. 23.

    HHStA, Wien, Karton 39, PA, XVIII, Bericht B, 18 April 1907, p. 163.

  24. 24.

    HHStA, Wien, Karton 39, PA, XVIII, Bericht no. 24, H, Bukarest, 3. Mai 1907, pp. 217/verso, 220, 221.

  25. 25.

    HHStA, Wien, Karton 39, PA, XVIII, Bericht no. 48 B, 17 Mai 1907, p. 232 (recto, verso).

  26. 26.

    HHStA, Wien, Karton 39, PA, XVIII, Bericht no. 58 C, Bucarest 11 December 1907, p. 457.

  27. 27.

    ‘Discours de M. Take Ionescu a Iassi’, La Roumanie, Mardi 10 (23) Avril 1907, HHStA, Karton 9: Ges. Bukarest, Berichte 1907–1908, 3. Mai 1907, Report number 27.

  28. 28.

    HHStA, Wien, Karton 39, PA, XVIII, 11 December 1907 Bukarest, report from Schoenburg to Aehrenthal, ‘Audience with the King and the latter’s concerns regarding agrarian reform and political life in Romania’, p. 6/verso, p. 7/recto.

  29. 29.

    HHStA, Wien, Karton 39, PA, XVIII, 11 December 1907 Bukarest, report from Schoenburg to Aehrenthal, ‘Audience with the King and the latter’s concerns regarding agrarian reform and political life in Romania’, p. 7/verso.

  30. 30.

    HHStA, Wien, Karton 39, PA, XVIII, 11 December 1907 Bukarest, report from Schoenburg to Aehrenthal, ‘Audience with the King and the latter’s concerns regarding agrarian reform and political life in Romania’, p. 1/recto, verso.

  31. 31.

    HHStA, Wien, Karton 39, PA, XVIII, 11 December 1907 Bukarest, report from Schoenburg to Aehrenthal, ‘Audience with the King and the latter’s concerns regarding agrarian reform and political life in Romania’, p. 5/verso.

  32. 32.

    HHStA, Wien, Karton 39, PA, XVIII, 11 December 1907 Bukarest, report from Schoenburg to Aehrenthal, ‘Audience with the King and the latter’s concerns regarding agrarian reform and political life in Romania’, p. 3/recto.

  33. 33.

    Gheorghe Matei, Răsunetul internațional al răscoalei țăranilor din 1907, Editura de Stat pentru Literatură Politică, București, 1957, p. 112.

  34. 34.

    Matei, Răsunetul internațional al răscoalei țăranilor din 1907, p. 116

  35. 35.

    Matei, Răsunetul internațional al răscoalei țăranilor din 1907, p. 119.

  36. 36.

    Copy of the report from the Russian General Imperial Consul in Iași, the State Councillor Brunner, to the Russian Imperial Ambassador in Romania, Hoffmeister Giers, 11 March 1907, no. 176 in Matei, Răsunetul internațional al răscoalei țăranilor din 1907, pp. 126–127.

  37. 37.

    Copy of the report from the Russian General Imperial Consul in Iași, the State Councillor Brunner, to the Russian Imperial Ambassador in Romania, Hoffmeister Giers, 11 March 1907, no. 176 in Matei, Răsunetul internațional al răscoalei țăranilor din 1907, p. 127.

  38. 38.

    Copy of the report from the Russian General Imperial Consul in Iași, the State Councillor Brunner, to the Russian Imperial Ambassador in Romania, Hoffmeister Giers, 11 March 1907, no. 176 in Matei, Răsunetul internațional al răscoalei țăranilor din 1907, p. 127.

  39. 39.

    P.G. Eidelberg, The Great Rumanian Peasant Revolt of 1907: Origins of a Modern Jacquerie, Leiden, Brill, 1974, pp. 220–221.

  40. 40.

    HHStA, Russland 1905, Karton 125 PA X, Beilage and Bericht No. 26 D, St Petersburg, 23. April/6. Mai 1905.

  41. 41.

    Copy of the report from the Russian General Imperial Consul in Iași, the State Councillor Brunner, to the Russian Imperial Ambassador in Romania, Hoffmeister Giers, 11 March 1907, no. 176 in Matei, Răsunetul internațional al răscoalei țăranilor din 1907, p. 128.

  42. 42.

    Copy of the report from the Russian General Imperial Consul in Iași, the State Councillor Brunner, to the Russian Imperial Ambassador in Romania, Hoffmeister Giers, 11 March 1907, no. 176 in Matei, Răsunetul internațional al răscoalei țăranilor din 1907, p. 128.

  43. 43.

    Copy of the report from the Russian General Imperial Consul in Iași, the State Councillor Brunner, to the Russian Imperial Ambassador in Romania, Hoffmeister Giers, 11 March 1907, no. 176 in Matei, Răsunetul internațional al răscoalei țăranilor din 1907, p. 129.

  44. 44.

    Copy of the report from the Russian General Imperial Consul in Iași, the State Councillor Brunner, to the Russian Imperial Ambassador in Romania, Hoffmeister Giers, 11 March 1907, no. 176 in Matei, Răsunetul internațional al răscoalei țăranilor din 1907, p. 129.

  45. 45.

    The Romanian Liberal press, which was overtly anti-Russian.

  46. 46.

    A Russian Raskolnik sect, who practiced castration and abstention from alcohol in pursuit of redemption. They were persecuted in Russia and some crossed over into Romania.

  47. 47.

    Flavius Solomon, Adrian-Bogdan Ceobanu, Andrei Cușco, Grigorii Șkundin (Eds.), Rapoarte diplomatice ruse din România (1888–1898)/ ДИПΛОМАТИЧЕСКИЕ ДОКУМЕНТЫ РОССИЙСКИХ ПРЕДСТАВИТΛЕЙ В РУМЫНИИ (1888–1898), Editura Universității Alexandru Ioan Cuza , Iași, 2014, p. 140.

  48. 48.

    Flavius Solomon, Adrian-Bogdan Ceobanu, Andrei Cușco, Grigorii Șkundin (Eds.), Rapoarte diplomatice ruse din România (1888–1898)/ДИПΛОМАТИЧЕСКИЕ ДОКУМЕНТЫ РОССИЙСКИХ ПРЕДСТАВИТΛЕЙ В РУМЫНИИ (1888–1898), p. 144.

  49. 49.

    See the introduction by Flavius Solomon and Andrei Cușco to Rapoarte diplomatice ruse din România (1888–1898)/ДИПΛОМАТИЧЕСКИЕ ДОКУМЕНТЫ РОССИЙСКИХ ПРЕДСТАВИТΛЕЙ В РУМЫНИИ (1888–1898), pp. 28–29.

  50. 50.

    Flavius Solomon, Adrian-Bogdan Ceobanu, Andrei Cușco, Grigorii Șkundin (Eds.), Rapoarte diplomatice ruse din România (1888–1898)/ДИПΛОМАТИЧЕСКИЕ ДОКУМЕНТЫ РОССИЙСКИХ ПРЕДСТАВИТΛЕЙ В РУМЫНИИ (1888–1898), p. 446.

  51. 51.

    Flavius Solomon, Adrian-Bogdan Ceobanu, Andrei Cușco, Grigorii Șkundin (Eds.), Rapoarte diplomatice ruse din România (1888–1898)/ДИПΛОМАТИЧЕСКИЕ ДОКУМЕНТЫ РОССИЙСКИХ ПРЕДСТАВИТΛЕЙ В РУМЫНИИ (1888–1898), p. 355.

  52. 52.

    ANR, București, Fond Microfilm Rusia, Rola 36, Cadru 175: 13 January 1908 – report of the Russian Vice-Consul in Sulina forwarded by the Minister of Foreign Affairs to the Minister of the Interior.

  53. 53.

    HHStA, Wien, Karton 39, PA, XVIII, Bericht no. 44 B, Sinaia, am 6. September 1907, from Schönburg to Aehrenthal, p. 325 (recto/verso).

  54. 54.

    HHStA, Wien, Karton 39, PA, XVIII, Bericht no. 44 B, Sinaia, am 6. September 1907, from Schönburg to Aehrenthal, p. 325–328.

  55. 55.

    Telegram from the Russian Ambassador in Bucharest to the Minister of Foreign Affairs, 20 March 1908, no. 19, quoted in Gheorghe Matei, Răsunetul internațional al răscoalei țăranilor din 1907, p. 139.

Bibliography

  • P.G. Eidelberg, The Great Rumanian Peasant Revolt of 1907: Origins of a Modern Jacquerie, Leiden, Brill, 1974

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  • Gheorghe Matei, Răsunetul internațional al răscoalei țăranilor din 1907, Editura de Stat pentru Literatură Politică, București, 1957

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  • Andrei Oțetea and Ion Popescu-Puțuri (Eds.), Documente privind marea răscoală a țăranilor din 1907, Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, București, 1977

    Google Scholar 

  • Flavius Solomon, Adrian-Bogdan Ceobanu, Andrei Cușco and Grigorii Șkundin (Eds.), Rapoarte diplomatice ruse din România (1888–1898)/ ДИПΛОМАТИЧЕСКИЕ ДОКУМЕНТЫ РОССИЙСКИХ ПРЕДСТАВИТΛЕЙ В РУМЫНИИ (1888–1898), Editura Universității Alexandru Ioan Cuza, Iași, 2014

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  1. Augsburg University, Augsburg, Germany

    Irina Marin

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Marin, I. (2018). Diplomacy of the Uprising. In: Peasant Violence and Antisemitism in Early Twentieth-Century Eastern Europe. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76069-8_7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76069-8_7

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