Abstract
Iran, Pakistan, and Turkey are the founding members of the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO), established in 1985, to promote economic, technical, and cultural cooperation among the member states. The three countries share borders and have marked similarities in numerous cultural, religious, and traditional values. With a combined population of over 320 million and economies ranging from factor-driven to efficiency-driven, countries of Iran, Pakistan and Turkey, comprise more than half of the MENA region population. This project envisages a comparative study of women entrepreneurship in Iran, Pakistan, and Turkey using qualitative as well as quantitative approaches. Women entrepreneurship in these countries are studied from both domestic and international perspectives.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Azad S (2010) The politics of privatization in Iran. Middle East 14(4):61
Chell E (2001) Entrepreneurship: globalization, innovation and change. Cengage Learning Press, Delhi
Grubel HG (1998) Economic freedom and human welfare: some empirical findings. Cato J 18:287
Kelley DJ, Brush CG, Greene PG, Litovsky Y (2011) Global entrepreneurship monitor: 2010 women’s report. Center for Women’s Leadership at Babson College and London Business School, Boston
Porter M (1990) The competitive advantage of nations. Harv Bus Rev 68(2):73–93
Razavi M et al (2008) Monitoring entrepreneurship in Iran: GEM-based data. Faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran.
Riley R, Miller AT (2013) No boost in trade freedom. In: Index of economic freedom
Welch LS, Luostarinen R (1988) Internationalization: evolution of a concept. In: Buckley P, Ghauri PN (eds) Internationalization of the firm. International Thompson Press, Boston, pp 83–98
World Bank World Development Report (2012) Gender equality and development. World Bank Publications, Washington, DC
World Bank (2013). World development indicators database, World Bank, 1 July 2013
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sarfaraz, L., Mian, S.A., Karadeniz, E.E., Zali, M.R., Qureshi, M.S. (2018). Female Entrepreneurship, Internationalization, and Trade Liberalization in Iran, Pakistan, and Turkey. In: Faghih, N., Zali, M. (eds) Entrepreneurship Ecosystem in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Contributions to Management Science. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75913-5_27
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75913-5_27
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-75912-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-75913-5
eBook Packages: Business and ManagementBusiness and Management (R0)