Skip to main content

Explaining Women’s Limited Involvement in Peacemaking and Peacebuilding

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
  • 699 Accesses

Part of the book series: The Anthropocene: Politik—Economics—Society—Science ((APESS,volume 22))

Abstract

Although gender-sensitive approaches to peacemaking and peacebuilding have increased in recent years, especially among scholars, in practice these processes often still fail to adequately address the countless needs of women. Historical experiences have demonstrated that the Government’s approaches to peacemaking and peacebuilding processes have had limited success because the male leaders of the warring parties negotiated the terms of peace agreements. Women, with their significant experience and skills in building trust, finding commonalities, alleviating fear and making compromises, possess the very qualities that peacemakers and peacebuilders need, yet have been accorded limited space to participate. This has had a detrimental impact on peace processes. As a matter of effectiveness, the lack of dialogue between different levels of peacemaking and peacebuilding efforts (government, civil society, women and the grassroots), combined with male domination of both war and peace, is a major reason why sustainable and positive peace has remained elusive in the world and as well in Uganda.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   44.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Statement by Joyce Neu for the Joan B. Kroc Institute for Peace and Justice Women PeaceMakers Conference, San Diego, 23 September 2008. See also www.sandiego.edu/peacestudies/ipj (accessed 12 November 2010).

References

  • Anderlini, S.N., 2000: Women at the Peace Table: Making a Difference (New York: UNIFEM).

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderlini, S.N., 2007: Women Building Peace: What They Do, Why It Matters (Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennet, O.; Bexley, J.O.; Warnock, K. (Ed.), 1995: Arms to Fight, Arms to Protect: Women Speak about Conflict (London: Panos).

    Google Scholar 

  • Boutas, T., 2005: Gender, Conflict, and Development (Washington D.C.: World Bank).

    Google Scholar 

  • Byrne, B., 1996: “Towards Gendered Understanding of Conflict”, in: IDS Bulletin, 27,3: 31–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caesar, R.G.C.K.; Garloe, C.; Nagarajan, S., 2010: “Implementing Resolution 1325 in Liberia: Reflections of Women’s Associations”, IFP Gender Cluster Country Case Study (Liberia, Brussels: Initiative for Peacebuilding).

    Google Scholar 

  • Caesar, R.G.C.K.; Garloe, C.; Nagarajan, S., 2010: “Implementing Resolution 1325 in Liberia: Reflections of Women’s Associations”, IFP Gender Cluster Country Case Study (Liberia, Brussels: Initiative for Peacebuilding).

    Google Scholar 

  • Charlesworth, H., 2005: “Not Waving, but Drowning: Gender Mainstreaming and Human Rights”, in: Harvard Human Rights Journal, 18: 1–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Charlesworth, H., 2008: “Are Women Peaceful? Reflections on the Role of Women in Peacebuilding”, in: Journal Springer Science and Business Media, 16: 247–361.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chingono, M.F., 1996: The State, Violence and Development: The Political Economy of War in Mozambique (Aldershot: Avebury).

    Google Scholar 

  • Collier, P.; Elliot, L.; Hegre H.; Hoeffler A.; Reynal-Querol, M.; Sambanis, N., 2003: Breaking the Conflict Trap: Civil War and Development (Oxford: Centre for the Study of African Economies, Department of Economics, Oxford University).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cornwall, Andrea; Goetz, Anne Marie, 2005: “Democratizing Democracy: Feminist Perspectives”, Democratization 12,5: 783–800.

    Google Scholar 

  • El-Bushra, J., 2000: “Transforming Conflict: Some Thoughts on a Gendered Understanding of Conflict Processes”, in: Jacobs, S. et al. (Ed.): States of Conflict: Gender, Violence and Resistance (London: Zed Books).

    Google Scholar 

  • Elshtain, J.B., 1995: Women and War (Chicago: University of Chicago Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Enloe, C., 2002: “Demilitarization—or more of the same? Feminist questions to ask in the post-war moment”, in: Cockburn, C., & Zarkov, D., (Ed.): The Post War Moment, Militaries, Masculinities and International Peacekeeping (London: Lawrence and Wishart).

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, J., 2001: War and Gender: How Gender Shapes the War System and Vice Versa (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Government of Uganda (GoU), 1995: Constitution of the Republic of Uganda (Entebbe: GoU).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hampson, F.O., 1996: Nurturing Peace: Why Peace Settlements Succeed or Fail (Washington D.C.: USIP Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoogensen, G.; Stuvoy, S., 2006: “Gender, Resistance and Security”, in: Security Dialogue, 37,2: 207–228.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hossain, N., 2011: “Security and the Pathways of Women’s Empowerment: Findings from a Thematic Synthesis of the Pathways of Women’s Empowerment Research”, IDS Working Paper 406 (Brighton: International Development Studies).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hudson, H., 2006: Human Security and Peacebuilding through a Gender Lens—Challenges of Implementation in Africa, DIIS Working Paper 37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hudson, Valerie M.; Caprioli, Mary; Ballif-Spanvill, Bonnie; McDermott, Rose; Emmett, Chad F., 2008/09: “The Heart of the Matter: The Security of Women and the Security of States”, in: International Security, 33,3: 7–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunt, S.; Posa, C., 2001: “Women Waging Peace”, in: Foreign Policy, 124(May–June): 38–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • International Crisis Group (ICG), 2008: The Road to Peace, with or without Kony. Africa Report No 146 (10 December).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobsen, C.G.; Brand-Jacobsen, K.F., 2002: “Peacemaking as realpolitik, conflict resolution and oxymoron: the record, the challenge”, in: Galtung, J. (Ed.): Searching for Peace. The Road to Transcend (London: Pluto).

    Google Scholar 

  • Large, J., 1997: “Disintegration Conflict and the Restructuring of Masculinity”, in: Gender and Development, 5,2(June): 23–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leatherman, J., 2007: “Sexual Violence and Armed Conflict: Complex Dynamics of Re-Victimisation”, in: International Journal of Peace Studies, 12,1: 53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lederach, J.P., 1995: Preparing for Peace: Conflict Transformation Across Cultures (New York: Syracuse University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lone, J., 2009: Women and Peace Making: Realizing the Vision of Security Council Resolution 1325 in the Peacemaking Work of the United Nations’ Department of Political Affairs (New York: UNDPA).

    Google Scholar 

  • Meintjes, S.; Pillay, A.; Turshen, M. (Ed.), 2001: The Aftermath: Women in Post-conflict Transformation (London: Zed Books).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Gender Labour and Social Development (MGLSD), 2007: The National Action Plan for Women (Kampala: Ministry of Gender Labour and Social Development).

    Google Scholar 

  • Moser, O.N.; Clark, F.C. (Ed.), 2001: Gender, Armed Conflict and Political Violence (London: Zed Books).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nangiro, S., 2002: Exploring Innovative Ways of Working with Agro-Pastoral Customary Institutions in Development: The LWF/KADP Uganda Experience (MA dissertation, The Hague: Institute of Social Studies).

    Google Scholar 

  • Neu, J., 2002: “Restoring Relations between Uganda and Sudan: The Carter Center Process”, in: Okello, Lucima (Ed.): Protracted Conflict, Elusive Peace, Initiatives to End the Violence in Northern Uganda: Accord: An International Review of Peace Initiatives, 11: 46–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Connell, H., 2011: “What are the Opportunities to Promote Gender Equity and Equality in Conflict-Affected and Fragile States: Insights from a Review of Evidence”, in: Gender& Development, 19,3: 455–466

    Google Scholar 

  • Oakley, P. (Ed.), 2001: Evaluating Empowerment: Reviewing the Concept and Practice (Oxford: INTRAC).

    Google Scholar 

  • Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2010: Aid in Support of Gender Equality in Fragile and Conflict-affected States (Paris: OECD).

    Google Scholar 

  • Otto, D., 2006: “A Sign of ‘Weakness’? Disrupting Gender Uncertainties in the Implementation of Security Council Resolution 1325”, Michigan Journal of International Law, 13: 113–175.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pankhurst, D., 2000: Gender and Peacebuilding. Working Paper 5 (University of Bradford: Department of Peace Studies, Centre for Conflict Resolution).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rehn, E.; Sirleaf, E.J., 2002: Women, War, Peace: The Independent Experts’ Assessment on the Impact of Armed Conflict on Women and Women’s Role in Peace-Building (New York); at: UNIFEM https://www.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/3F71081FF391653DC1256C69003170E9-unicef-WomenWarPeace.pdf (13 July 2009).

  • Reimann, C., 2002: ‘All You Need is Love…and What About Gender? Engendering Burton’s Human Needs Theory, Working Paper 10 (University of Bradford, Department of Peace Studies, Centre for Conflict Resolution).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ridd, R.; Calaway, H. (Ed.), 1987: Women and Political Conflict: Portraits of Struggle in Times of Crisis (New York, New York University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sowa, T., 2000: The Gender Implications of Peace Keeping and Reconstruction in Africa, Paper for the Seminar on Gender Approaches to Peace Keeping in Africa, Mombasa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stedman, S.J.; Rothchild, D.S.; Cousens, Elizabeth M. (Ed.), 2002: Ending Civil Wars—The Implementation of Peace Agreements (London: Lynne Rienner Publishers).

    Google Scholar 

  • Strickland, R.; Duvvury, N., 2006: Finding the Way: Gender Equity and Peacebuilding, A Discussion Paper (Washington D.C.: International Centre for Research on Women [ICRW]).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tickner, J.A., 2001: Gendering World Politics: Issues and Approaches in the Post Cold War Era (New York: Columbia University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO), 1995: Zanzibar Conference Stresses Importance of African Women’s Role in Building Peace on the continent, UNESCO.

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations International Women’s Fund (UNIFEM), 2009: Women’s Participation in Peace Negotiations: Where are the Numbers? (June); at: https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/03AWomenPeaceNeg.pdf (6 February 2010).

  • United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), 2003: HIV/AIDS and SIT Prevention and Care in Rwanda Refugee Camps in the United Republic of Tanzania (New York: UNDP).

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations Secretary-General Reports on Security Council Resolution 1325 from 2002 to 2007; at: http://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/wps/ (2 November 2009).

  • Vickers, J., 1993: Women and War (London: Zed Books).

    Google Scholar 

  • Vincent, L., 2001: “Engendering Peace in Africa: A Critical Inquiry into some Current Thinking on the Role of African Women in Peacebuilding”, in: African Journal in Conflict Resolution, 2,1: 1–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallensteen, P., 2002: Understanding Conflict Resolution—War, Peace and the Global System (London, SAGE Publications).

    Google Scholar 

  • Zarkov, D., 2001: “The Body of the Other Man: Sexual Violence and the Construction of Masculinity, Sexuality and Ethnicity in Croatian Media”, in: Moser, C.; Clark, F. (Ed.): Victims, Perpetrators or Actors? Gender, Armed Conflict, and Political Violence (London: Zed Books).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sidonia Angom .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Angom, S. (2018). Explaining Women’s Limited Involvement in Peacemaking and Peacebuilding. In: Women in Peacemaking and Peacebuilding in Northern Uganda. The Anthropocene: Politik—Economics—Society—Science, vol 22. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75883-1_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics