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Clinical Manifestations

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Gastrointestinal Complications of Diabetes

Part of the book series: Clinical Gastroenterology ((CG))

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Abstract

Though a variety of upper gastrointestinal symptoms are common among diabetics, their true prevalence, relationships to diabetes control, and other complications as well as underlying upper gastrointestinal (GI) sensori-motor dysfunction are often unclear. For example, though esophageal dysmotility is common in diabetes, its clinical significance in terms of symptomatology or as an indicator of gastric motor dysfunction remains to be defined. Similarly, studies on the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease among diabetics have arrived at conflicting conclusions regarding the true prevalence of this association; available data, in contrast, suggests that diabetics are at increased risk for the development of Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal cancer. Gastroparesis is the best known and most extensively studied of the upper GI complications of diabetes; here again relationships between symptoms, gastric emptying rate, and glycemia are complex and pose significant clinical challenges. Though traditionally ascribed to the effects of autonomic neuropathy, more recent studies have revealed a variety of morphological, ultrastructural, and functional abnormalities in the enteric neuromuscular apparatus.

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Abbreviations

BE:

Barrett’s esophagus

GEPG:

Gastroesophageal pressure gradient

GERD:

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

GI:

Gastrointestinal

HAART:

Highly active antiretroviral therapy

HIV:

Human immunodeficiency virus

ICC:

Interstitial cells of Cajal

LES:

Lower esophageal sphincter

LPR:

Laryngopharyngeal reflux

NSAID:

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

PUD:

Peptic ulcer disease

TNF:

Tumor necrosis factor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Lynda K. and David M. Underwood Center for Digestive Disorders, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA

    Ayah Oglat & Eamonn M. M. Quigley

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  1. Ayah Oglat
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  2. Eamonn M. M. Quigley
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Correspondence to Eamonn M. M. Quigley .

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  1. Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia

    Marko Duvnjak

  2. Merkur University Hospital, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia

    Lea Smirčić-Duvnjak

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Oglat, A., Quigley, E.M.M. (2018). Clinical Manifestations. In: Duvnjak, M., Smirčić-Duvnjak, L. (eds) Gastrointestinal Complications of Diabetes . Clinical Gastroenterology. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75856-5_5

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