Abstract
The proposed study focuses on the investigation of the role of evaluation approaches in the governance of urban-regeneration operations with particular reference to the Multicriteria Analysis methods (Figueira et al. in Multiple criteria decision analysis: state of the art surveys. Springer, New York, 2005). There is, in fact, a strong need to take into account the various aspects involved in regeneration processes and programs, in order to contrast social decline, increase the inhabitants’ quality of life, enhance the cultural resources, valorize buildings and public spaces, protect the environmental system, stimulate economic development and so on. In particular, this paper considers the case of Cittavecchia, the historic centre of Trieste, where new investments are required due to several past recovery plans that left various problems unsolved, causing identity and trust issues. This study shares the framework with a wider research project where three regeneration scenarios for Cittavecchia have been evaluated and compared through a multicriteria approach (Crescenzo and De Matteis in Ri-centro: valutazione di scenari di riqualificazione urbana per il centro storico di Trieste attraverso l’Analisi Multicriteri. MS thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2016) based on the Multi-Attribute Value Theory (MAVT) (Keeney and Raiffa in Decisions with multiple objectives: preferences and values trade-offs. Wiley, New York, 1976). MAVT enables the evaluation of the proposed alternatives and the identification of a successful network of planning and design strategies, thanks to its flexible framework that better simplifies, structures and sorts the existing fragmentation. MAVT is useful to support complex development processes because it considers multiple points of view, from the local communities’ needs, to governance and political ones. In particular, this paper is focused on the examination of the influence of socio-political aspects on decision-making processes, illustrating the calculation of the Coalition Index: an indicator that has been developed through the application of the NAIADE technique (Munda in Eur J Oper Res 158:662–677, 2004). This index makes it possible to consider the various actors’ opinions and to investigate the strength of the coalitions among the stakeholders involved in the transformation. Furthermore this method enables, with the contribution of local experts, the identification of the influence of stakeholders on the performance of the results and on the overall procedure, aiding decision makers to properly evaluate consequences and priorities, thus enhancing the transparency of the whole procedure. This study is a starting point for the evaluation of complex urban regeneration processes thanks to the ability of the proposed method to influence governance and urban planning procedures and even to adapt its framework to changes of conditions, objectives, criteria and needs.
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Notes
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Master thesis developed by Mauro Crescenzo and Sara De Matteis in the Master Programme in Architecture Construction City at Politecnico di Torino under the supervision of professors Marta Carla Bottero, Mauro Berta and Valentina Ferretti (Crescenzo and De Matteis 2016).
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Acknowledgements
The present paper, for which is responsible Mauro Crescenzo with the contribution of Marta Bottero, Mauro Berta and Valentina Ferretti, is the result of further research and developments of the methods that have been proposed in the master’s thesis of Mauro Crescenzo and Sara De Matteis at Politecnico di Torino, supervised by Marta Carla Bottero, Mauro Berta and Valentina Ferretti.
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Appendices
Appendix 1: Analysis of the Relevant Stakeholders for the Decision Problem
See Table 6.
In particular, actors that contribute with their knowledge and experiences can be (Dente 2014):
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Political actors, as politicians or associations that represent citizens thanks to the popular consent or spokespersons of committees and professionals;
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Bureaucratic actors, contribute, on the basis of legal rules, with formal competence;
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Actors with special interests, contribute with utilitarian vision due to costs and benefits that have to be borne (companies, individuals, organizations that represent categories affected by the intervention);
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Actors with general interests, represent, without political or legal legitimacy, entities or interests that are not able to act or defend themselves;
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Experts, contribute to the intervention with their knowledge (deriving from their experiences in related fields), structuring and collecting relevant empirical data with a scientific method.
Resources instead can be:
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Political, if related to the consensus that an actor can achieve;
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Economical, if related to money and other types of wealth;
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Legal, if they depend on decisions of the legislative and/or administrative authorities;
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Cognitive, if they are related to the ability to contribute with information or conceptual models.
Appendix 2: Similarity Matrices for the NAIADE Evaluation
Appendix 3: Partial Coalition Indexes
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Crescenzo, M., Bottero, M., Berta, M., Ferretti, V. (2018). Governance and Urban Development Processes: Evaluating the Influence of Stakeholders Through a Multi-criteria Approach—The Case Study of Trieste. In: Bisello, A., Vettorato, D., Laconte, P., Costa, S. (eds) Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions. SSPCR 2017. Green Energy and Technology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75774-2_34
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