Abstract
Information on the insular veins is less extensive than information on the insular arteries in the recent literature. To add to this information, cadaver dissections and observations of the insular veins are presented, and these veins are systematized in light of the recent literature.
Venous drainage of the insula affects its functionality, and this drainage is associated with many diseases, such as arteriovenous malformations, varices and tumours of the insula. In insular drainage, the deep and superficial insular veins drain into the deep and superficial middle cerebral veins. We depict and discuss the capsulo-insular vein and deep veins of the insula and present the venous drainage regions of the insular gyri and sulci with clear review illustrations.
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Abbreviations
- AAr:
-
Anterior arcuate branch of the central insular vein
- AC:
-
Anterior cerebral vein
- Ag:
-
Accessory gyrus
- AI:
-
Anterior insular vein
- ALg:
-
Anterior long gyrus
- ALs:
-
Anterior limiting sulcus
- Am:
-
Arachnoid membrane
- An:
-
Anastomosis of arcuate veins
- Ang:
-
Branch to angular gyrus
- APo:
-
Anterior pole of the insula
- APr:
-
Anterior parietal artery
- aPx:
-
Pial arterial plexus
- ASg:
-
Anterior short gyrus
- ATm:
-
Anterior temporal branch
- B:
-
Basal vein
- Both:
-
Transitional or mixed vascular area
- cdH:
-
Head of the caudate nucleus
- CIV:
-
Capsulo-insular vein
- Cla:
-
Claustrum
- CN:
-
Caudate nucleus
- Cn:
-
Central sulcal artery
- CnI:
-
Central insular vein
- Cns:
-
Central insular sulcus
- Cs:
-
Confluence of insular veins
- CT:
-
Common trunk of insular veins
- D:
-
Dura mater
- DMC:
-
Deep middle cerebral vein
- EC:
-
External capsule
- FSy:
-
Frontosylvian vein
- GP:
-
Globus pallidus
- IA:
-
Inferior anastomotic vein (Labbe)
- IC:
-
Internal capsule
- ILs:
-
Inferior limiting sulcus
- IT:
-
Inferior trunk of middle cerebral artery
- L:
-
Limen of the insula
- LOF:
-
Lateral orbitofrontal artery
- LSSV:
-
Lateral superior striate vein
- LV:
-
Lateral ventricle
- MCA:
-
Middle cerebral artery
- MSg:
-
Middle short gyrus
- MT:
-
Middle temporal vein
- MTm:
-
Middle temporal branch
- PAr:
-
Posterior arcuate branch of central insular vein
- PI:
-
Posterior insular vein
- PLg:
-
Posterior long gyrus
- PlTm:
-
Polar temporal artery
- PPo:
-
Posterior pole of the insula
- PreCn:
-
Precentral sulcal artery
- PreCnI:
-
Precentral insular vein
- PreCns:
-
Precentral insular sulcus
- PreF:
-
Prefrontal artery
- PSg:
-
Posterior short gyrus
- PstCns:
-
Postcentral insular sulcus
- PTm:
-
Posterior temporal branch
- Pt:
-
Putamen
- SA:
-
Superior anastomotic vein (Trolard)
- SLs:
-
Superior limiting sulcus
- SMC:
-
Superficial middle cerebral vein
- Spf:
-
Superficial rami of insular vein
- Spf*:
-
Superficial rami of insular vein; e.g., the postcentral insular vein
- ST:
-
Superior trunk of middle cerebral artery
- SW-MRI:
-
Susceptibility-weighted phase-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging
- T:
-
Study of Tanriover et al. 2004 [1]
- TCV:
-
Transverse caudate tributaries
- Th:
-
Thalamus
- Th1:
-
Group (1) thalamic veins that flow superomedially
- Th2:
-
Group (2) thalamic veins that flow superiorly
- Th3:
-
Group (3) thalamic veins that flow inferiorly
- TSy:
-
Temporosylvian vein
- V:
-
Study of Varnavas and Grand 1999 [2]
- VIC:
-
Vein of the internal capsule
- VEC:
-
Vein of the external capsule
- vPx:
-
Pial venous plexus
- *:
-
Tip of the gyrus
- 1v:
-
One vein
- 2v:
-
Two veins
- ≥3v:
-
Three or more veins
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Celik, S., Bilge, O., Turgut, M., Yurttaş, C. (2018). Anatomy of the Insular Veins. In: Turgut, M., Yurttaş , C., Tubbs, R. (eds) Island of Reil (Insula) in the Human Brain. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75468-0_5
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