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Considerations on the Subject of Food Security and Food Safety

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Food Diversity Between Rights, Duties and Autonomies

Part of the book series: LITES - Legal Issues in Transdisciplinary Environmental Studies ((LITES,volume 2))

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Abstract

Within the wider and more general debate on food diversity, the specific subject of food security and safety, in its twofold meaning—quantitative of security and qualitative of safety—is the crucial and at the same time problematic key point.

This subject that involves assets, the fundamental interests and values typical of modern societies and systems, is also an important objective whose enforcement depends on concept and actions, partly complementary and partly different, such as the right to adequate food, food sovereignty and a free market.

Thus, a relational system follows, also from the legal standpoint, which is multi-dimensional by nature and consistence—or, rather, we find various and distinct, competitive and not always communicating groups—where interaction between different realities is continuous and constant.

Hence, a fairly articulated and complex reference framework appears, often difficult to reduce to units. From this emerges, as the most aggregating and urgent linking feature, a communal sense of duty about food security and safety to which everyone is called to contribute.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Albisinni (2011).

  2. 2.

    Amorosino (2010).

  3. 3.

    Tallacchini (2012).

  4. 4.

    Certomà (2010).

  5. 5.

    “«Food diversity» between rights, duties and autonomies. Legal perspectives for a Scientific, Cultural and Social Debate for the Right to Food and Agroecology”.

  6. 6.

    Ramajoli (2015a), p. 271.

  7. 7.

    3rd L.A.I.R. Group International Workshop (“Law and Agroecology/Ius et Rus”/University of Salento) “Food diversity” between rights, duties and autonomies. Legal perspectives for a Scientific, Cultural and Social Debate for the Right to Food and Agroecology, Lecce, May 6–7, 2015.

  8. 8.

    Greco (2009).

  9. 9.

    Cammeo (1905).

  10. 10.

    Malagoli (2004), Costato (2007), Vadalà (2011) and Venturi (2012).

  11. 11.

    Giuffrida (2015).

  12. 12.

    Ricci (2014), p. 20.

  13. 13.

    Distaso (2009).

  14. 14.

    Costato (2010).

  15. 15.

    Cammeo (1905).

  16. 16.

    Jannarelli (2009) and Amorosino (2010).

  17. 17.

    Russo (2010).

  18. 18.

    Pisanello (2008), Canfora (2009) and Russo (2014).

  19. 19.

    Costato and Rizzioli (2010).

  20. 20.

    Belliggiano (2009) and Biglia and Gabbai (2014).

  21. 21.

    Sirsi (2008) and Visani (2015).

  22. 22.

    Costato (2011).

  23. 23.

    Art. 25.1 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948); Art. 11.2 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by the General Assembly (1966); General Comment N° 12. The right to adequate food (Article 11 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights), adopted by the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1999); General Comment N° 14. The right to the highest attainable standard of health (Article 12 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights), adopted by the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (2000); General Assembly Resolution 63/187 on the Right to Food, Sixty-third session, agenda item 64(b) (2008).

  24. 24.

    Ricci (2012).

  25. 25.

    Bottiglieri (2014).

  26. 26.

    Ziegler (2003).

  27. 27.

    Including sectors of society in which fragility and exposition derive from physical or psychic reasons, as for example in the case of the newly-born, of children, of the elderly, of the disable, of chronic or terminal invalids, of expectant mothers or women during puerperium, of mothers, of victims of natural calamities, of prisoners, of indigenous minorities for whom access to their land of origin may be dangerous, of refugees, etc.

  28. 28.

    This is the case of the so-called refugees for hunger, who currently represent the most widespread sub-category (see previous note), for whom there are no specific protective regulations. Moreover, there are serious doubts about the possibility of extending and applying analogically the protective regulations intended for other refugees in general: Ziegler et al. (2011), p. 66.

  29. 29.

    “We man and women, citizens of this planet, sign this document, named Milan Paper, to take on precise commitment in relation to the right to food which we maintain should be considered a fundamental human right. Indeed, we consider a violation of human dignity the failure to provide access to healthy, sufficient and nourishing food, clean water and energy”.

  30. 30.

    Rodotà (2011).

  31. 31.

    Vaccari (2015).

  32. 32.

    Food Sovereignty: A Future without Hunger, Rome, November 11–17, 1996, in http://www.viacampesina.org/imprimer.php3?id_article38. Accessed 28 Dec 2015; Food Sovereignty: A Right for All, Rome, June 13, 2002, in http://croceviaterra.it/FORUM/DOCUMENTI%20DEL%20FORUM/political%20statement.pdf. Accessed 29 Dec 2015.

  33. 33.

    Ramajoli (2015b) connects the full “juridification” of the food sector to the Regulation 2002//178/CE of the European Parliament and Council of 28th January 2002 “which fixes the general requisites of food legislation, founds the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and establishes procedures in the field of Food Safety”. The Authoress points out that “Before this date, as the European Commission has recognized in its Green Book and in its White Book on food security/safety a fragmentary view, without organicity and at times incoherent has been dominant in the matter” (p. 3).

  34. 34.

    Papaldo (1958) and Pericu (2009).

  35. 35.

    Ramajoli (2015a), p. 274.

  36. 36.

    Amorosino (2010).

  37. 37.

    Ramajoli (2015a), p. 274.

  38. 38.

    Biglia and Gabbai (2014).

  39. 39.

    Albisinni (2015) and Amorosino (2015).

  40. 40.

    Bevilacqua (2012).

  41. 41.

    Jannarelli (2009).

  42. 42.

    Viti (2009).

  43. 43.

    Maltoni (2006) and Savino (2007).

  44. 44.

    Gabbi (2009).

  45. 45.

    Cassese (2002a, b) and Longobardi (2009).

  46. 46.

    See Arts. 53 and 54 of (already mentioned) Regulation 2002/178/CE about the power of direct intervention of European Commission in case of food risk regarding one or more Member States: Albisinni (2009), pp. 10–14.

  47. 47.

    Albisinni (2009).

  48. 48.

    AIDA-IFLA (2015).

  49. 49.

    Golay (2009) and Cordini (2014).

  50. 50.

    Sicardi (2014).

  51. 51.

    Bottiglieri (2014).

  52. 52.

    Santini (2012).

  53. 53.

    Ricci (2012) and Lupone et al. (2013).

  54. 54.

    Borghi (2012).

  55. 55.

    Bottiglieri (2014).

  56. 56.

    Acconci (2011) and Golay (2011).

  57. 57.

    Visani (2015).

  58. 58.

    Biglia and Gabbai (2014) and Ramajoli (2015a).

  59. 59.

    Visani (2015).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Legal Studies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy

    Francesco Fabrizio Tuccari

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  1. Francesco Fabrizio Tuccari
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of History, Society and Human Studies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy

    Alessandro Isoni

  2. Department of Legal Studies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy

    Michele Troisi

  3. Department of Legal Studies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy

    Maurizia Pierri

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Tuccari, F.F. (2018). Considerations on the Subject of Food Security and Food Safety. In: Isoni, A., Troisi, M., Pierri, M. (eds) Food Diversity Between Rights, Duties and Autonomies. LITES - Legal Issues in Transdisciplinary Environmental Studies, vol 2. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75196-2_14

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75196-2_14

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  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-75195-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-75196-2

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