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Substances of Abuse and Hallucinogenic Activity: The Dopaminergic Pathway - Focus on Cocaine and Amphetamine-type Stimulants

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Hallucinations in Psychoses and Affective Disorders

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Abstract

The role of the dopaminergic pathway in drug-induced hallucinations is strictly related to the dopaminergic model of psychosis, which represents a useful heuristic model which aims to explain some aspects of the pathophysiology of psychotic disorders. Some drugs of abuse can induce psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations in healthy subjects, thus representing an experimental model of induced psychosis. The clinical aspects, with a special focus on hallucinations, and primarily the specific molecular mechanisms of cocaine and amphetamine-type stimulants are discussed. Their specific actions as competitive substrates of DAT and the reverse action on VMAT and TAAR1 full agonism with a consequent over-activation of D2 brain receptors in the mesocorticolimbic pathway are examined in depth. The role of genetic polymorphisms such as D2D2, SLC6A3, COMT, Dßh, GSTM1, and VNTR are also discussed.

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Acknowledgments

This chapter was supported by a grant from the AIFA (Proposal AIFA-2016-02364852).

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  1. Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

    Matteo Lazzaretti, Gian Mario Mandolini, Alfredo Carlo Altamura & Paolo Brambilla

  2. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX, USA

    Paolo Brambilla

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    Paolo Brambilla

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Lazzaretti, M., Mandolini, G.M., Altamura, A.C., Brambilla, P. (2018). Substances of Abuse and Hallucinogenic Activity: The Dopaminergic Pathway - Focus on Cocaine and Amphetamine-type Stimulants. In: Brambilla, P., Mauri, M., Altamura, A. (eds) Hallucinations in Psychoses and Affective Disorders. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75124-5_1

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  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-75123-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-75124-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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