Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Addictive Disorders

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Neuropsychodynamic Psychiatry

  • 903 Accesses

Abstract

Addictive disorders cause profound changes in behavior and subjective experience. The addictive behavior will preoccupy the patient’s thinking and dominate his motivations. It will become essential for the patient’s well-being.

From a neurobiological point of view, the reward system (including nucleus accumbens, amygdala, and the prefrontal cortex) plays a key role in the formation of addictive disorders.

From a psychodynamic perspective, the four psychologies of psychoanalysis (including drive theory, ego psychology, object relations theory, and self psychology) developed complementary concepts which are helpful in our understanding of the function of addictive disorders.

The knowledge of the neurobiological underpinnings and psychodynamic concepts of addictive disorders leads to new implications for their treatment.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Arlington: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Andreassen CS, Torsheim T, Brunborg GS, Pallesen S. Development of a Facebook addiction scale. Psychol Rep. 2012;110(2):501–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bayer HM, Glimcher PW. Midbrain dopamine neurons encode a quantitative reward prediction error signal. Neuron. 2005;47(1):129–41.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beck A, Schlagenhauf F, Wüstenberg T, Hein J, Kienast T, Kahnt T, Schmack K, Hägele C, Knutson B, Heinz A, Wrase J. Ventral striatal activation during reward anticipation correlates with impulsivity in alcoholics. Biol Psychiatry. 2009;66(8):734–42.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benkert O, Hippius H. Kompendium der Psychiatrischen Pharmakotherapie. 8th ed. Heidelberg: Springer; 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berridge KC. Pleasures of the brain. Brain Cogn. 2003;52(1):106–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berridge KC, Robinson TE. Parsing reward. Trends Neurosci. 2003;26(9):507–13.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boggio PS, Sultani N, Fecteau S, Merabet L, Mecca T, Pascual-Leone A, Basaglia A, Fregni F. Prefrontal cortex modulation using transcranial dc stimulation reduces alcohol craving: a double-blind, sham-controlled study. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2008;92(1-3):55–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Camprodon JA, Martínez-Raga J, Alonso-Alonso M, Shih MC, Pascual-Leone A. One session of high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rtms) to the right prefrontal cortex transiently reduces cocaine craving. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2007;86(1):91–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cardinal RN, Parkinson JA, Hall J, Everitt BJ. Emotion and motivation: the role of the amygdala, ventral striatum, and prefrontal cortex. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2002;26(3):321–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chessick RD. The pharmacogenic orgasm ïn the drug addict. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1960;3:545–56.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cromwell HC, Berridge KC. Where does damage lead to enhanced food aversion: the ventral pallidum/substantia innominata or lateral hypothalamus? Brain Res. 1993;624(1-2):1–10.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davey CG, Yücel M, Allen NB. The emergence of depression in adolescence: development of the prefrontal cortex and the representation of reward. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2008;32(1):1–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Di Chiara G, Bassareo V. Reward system and addiction: what dopamine does and doesn’t do. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2007;7(1):69–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frank S, Laharnar N, Kullmann S, Veit R, Canova C, Hegner YL, Fritsche A, Preissl H. Processing of food pictures: influence of hunger, gender and calorie content. Brain Res. 2010;1350:159–66.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freud S. Der Witz und seine Beziehung zum Unbewussten. Frankfurt: S. Fischer; 1905.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freud S. Aus den Anfängen der Psychoanalyse - Briefe an Wilhelm Fließ. Abhandlungen und Notizen aus den Jahren 1887-1902. S. Fischer: Frankfurt; 1962.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldstone AP, Prechtl de Hernandez CG, Beaver JD, Muhammed K, Croese C, Bell G, Durighel G, Hughes E, Waldman AD, Frost G, Bell JD. Fasting biases brain reward systems towards high-calorie foods. Eur J Neurosci. 2009;30(8):1625–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Griffiths M. A ‘components’ model of addiction within a biopsychosocial framework. J Subst Use. 2005;10(4):191–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grüsser SM, Thalemann CN. Verhaltenssucht. 1st ed. Bern: Verlag Hans Huber; 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartmann D. A study of drug-taking adolescents. Psychoanal Study Child. 1969;24:384398.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heinz A, Siessmeier T, Wrase J, Hermann D, Klein S, Grüsser SM, Grüsser-Sinopoli SM, Flor H, Braus DF, Buchholz HG, Gründer G, Schreckenberger M, Smolka MN, Rösch F, Mann K, Bartenstein P. Correlation between dopamine d(2) receptors in the ventral striatum and central processing of alcohol cues and craving. Am J Psychiatry. 2004;161(10):1783–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hildebrandt HA. Psychoanalyse der sucht - eine kritische bilanz. Psychoanalyse Widerspruch 36; 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoebel BG, Monaco AP, Hernandez L, Aulisi EF, Stanley BG, Lenard L. Self-injection of amphetamine directly into the brain. Psychopharmacology. 1983;81(2):158–63.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hollmann M, Pleger B, Villringer A, Horstmann A. Brain imaging in the context of food perception and eating. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2013;24(1):18–24.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karreman M, Moghaddam B. The prefrontal cortex regulates the basal release of dopamine in the limbic striatum: an effect mediated by ventral tegmental area. J Neurochem. 1996;66(2):589–98.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim SH, Baik SH, Park CS, Kim SJ, Choi SW, Kim SE. Reduced striatal dopamine d2 receptors in people with internet addiction. Neuroreport. 2011;22(8):407–11.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kohut H. Narzissmus: eine Theorie der psychoanalytischen Behandlung narzisstischer Persönlichkeitsstörungen. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp; 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kringelbach ML, O’Doherty J, Rolls ET, Andrews C. Activation of the human orbitofrontal cortex to a liquid food stimulus is correlated with its subjective pleasantness. Cereb Cortex. 2003;13(10):1064–71.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martinez D, Gil R, Slifstein M, Hwang DR, Huang Y, Perez A, Kegeles L, Talbot P, Evans S, Krystal J, Laruelle M, Abi-Dargham A. Alcohol dependence is associated with blunted dopamine transmission in the ventral striatum. Biol Psychiatry. 2005;58(10):779–86.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McBride WJ, Chernet E, Dyr W, Lumeng L, Li TK. Densities of dopamine d2 receptors are reduced in cns regions of alcohol-preferring p rats. Alcohol. 1993;10(5):387–90.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mentzos S. Textbook of psychodynamics. The function of dysfunctionality of psychic disorders. (German: Lehrbuch der Psychodynamik. Die Funktion der Dysfunktionalität psychischer Störungen.). 2nd ed. Göttingen: Vandenhock und Ruprecht; 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  • Milch W. Lehrbuch der Selbstpsychologie. Stuttgart: Verlag W. Kohlhammer; 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  • Panksepp J, Bishop P. An autoradiographic map of (3h)diprenorphine binding in rat brain: effects of social interaction. Brain Res Bull. 1981;7(4):405–10.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pine F. The four psychologies of psychoanalysis and their place in clinical work. J Am Psychoanal Assn. 1988;36:571–96.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Radó S. The psychic effects of intoxicants: an attempt to evolve a psycho-analytical theory of morbid cravings. Int J Psychoanal. 1926;7:396–413.

    Google Scholar 

  • Radó S. The psychoanalysis of pharmacothymia (drug addiction). Psychoanal Q. 1933;2:1–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reuter J, Raedler T, Rose M, Hand I, Gläscher J, Büchel C. Pathological gambling is linked to reduced activation of the mesolimbic reward system. Nat Neurosci. 2005;8(2):147–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robbins TW, Everitt BJ. Drug addiction: bad habits add up. Nature. 1999;398(6728):567–70.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenfeld HA. On drug addiction. Int J Psychoanal. 1960;41:467–75.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rösner S, Leucht S, Lehert P, Soyka M. Acamprosate supports abstinence, naltrexone prevents excessive drinking: evidence from a meta-analysis with unreported outcomes. J Psychopharmacol. 2008;22(1):11–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rossetti ZL, Melis F, Carboni S, Gessa GL. Dramatic depletion of mesolimbic extracellular dopamine after withdrawal from morphine, alcohol or cocaine: a common neurochemical substrate for drug dependence. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1992;654:513–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rost WD. Psychoanalyse des Alkoholismus. In: Theorie, diagnostik, Behandlung. 6th ed. Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta; 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  • Savitt RA. Psychoanalytic studies on addiction: Ego structure in narcotic addiction. Psychoanal Q. 1963;32:43–57.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simmons WK, Martin A, Barsalou LW. Pictures of appetizing foods activate gustatory cortices for taste and reward. Cereb Cortex. 2005;15(10):1602–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Srisurapanont M, Jarusuraisin N. Opioid antagonists for alcohol dependence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005;12:CD001867.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stefanini E, Frau M, Garau MG, Garau B, Fadda F, Gessa GL. Alcohol-preferring rats have fewer dopamine d2 receptors in the limbic system. Alcohol Alcohol. 1992;27(2):127–30.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stoléru S, Fonteille V, Cornélis C, Joyal C, Moulier V. Functional neuroimaging studies of sexual arousal and orgasm in healthy men and women: a review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2012;36(6):1481–509.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Subkowski P. Störungen der Trieborganisation in Suchtentwicklungen. In: Psychodynamik der Sucht: Psychoanalytische Beiträge zur Theorie. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Rupprecht; 2008. p. 51–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Volkow ND, Fowler JS, Wang GJ. The addicted human brain viewed in the light of imaging studies: brain circuits and treatment strategies. Neuropharmacology. 2004;47(Suppl 1):3–13.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Begleiter H, Porjesz B, Fowler JS, Telang F, Wong C, Ma Y, Logan J, Goldstein R, Alexoff D, Thanos PK. High levels of dopamine d2 receptors in unaffected members of alcoholic families: possible protective factors. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2006;63(9):999–1008.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang GJ, Volkow ND, Telang F, Jayne M, Ma J, Rao M, Zhu W, Wong CT, Pappas NR, Geliebter A, Fowler JS. Exposure to appetitive food stimuli markedly activates the human brain. NeuroImage. 2004;21(4):1790–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wernado M, Blaufuß J, Jacob A, Kannenberg S. Spezifische Interventionen auf der Basis der analytischen/analytisch orientierten Therapie bei psychischen Störungen im Zusammenhang mit psychotropen Substanzen. In: Lehrbuch der Psychotherapie: 2 Psychoanalytische und tiefenpsychologisch fundierte Therapie. 3rd ed. München: CIP-Medien; 2006. p. 97–108.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wise RA. Neurobiology of addiction. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 1996;6(2):243–51.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wise RA, Bozarth MA. A psychomotor stimulant theory of addiction. Psychol Rev. 1987;94(4):469–92.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wolf ES. Theorie und Praxis der psychoanalytischen Selbstpsychologie. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp; 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wurmser L, editor. Die verborgene Dimension. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht; 1997.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department for Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Moritz de Greck

  2. Mind, Brain Imaging, and Neuroethics, Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada

    Georg Northoff

Authors
  1. Moritz de Greck
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Georg Northoff
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

    Heinz Boeker

  2. Hospital of Psychiatry-Psychotherapy-Psychosomatic, General Hospital Frankfurt, Teaching Hospital of the University, Frankfurt, Germany

    Peter Hartwich

  3. Mind, Brain Imaging, and Neuroethics, Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada

    Georg Northoff

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

de Greck, M., Northoff, G. (2018). Addictive Disorders. In: Boeker, H., Hartwich, P., Northoff, G. (eds) Neuropsychodynamic Psychiatry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75112-2_20

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75112-2_20

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-75111-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-75112-2

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation