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Biotechnology and Apogamy in Dryopteris affinis spp. affinis: The Influence of Tissue Homogenization, Auxins, Cytokinins, Gibberellic Acid, and Polyamines

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Current Advances in Fern Research

Abstract

Apomixis in ferns combines apogamy (the formation of sporophytes from somatic cells of prothallium) and agamospermy (the formation of unreduced diplo spores). This chapter evaluates the effects of phytohormones and their inhibitors on cellular regeneration, vegetative development, and apogamy in the gametophyte of the fern Dryopteris affinis spp. affinis. For this purpose, two type of explants—spores and homogenized gametophytes—were cultured in presence of the following compounds and concentrations: (a) spores: indole-3-butyric acid (IBA; 0.5–5–25 μM), gibberellic acid (GA3; 0.3–3 and 15 μM), 6-benzyladenine (BA; 0.4–4.4–22 μM), 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA; 0.2–2–10 μM), flurprimidol (F; 0.3–3–15 μM), and cyclohexylamine (CHA; 0.06–0.6–5.6–55.5 μM); (b) homogenized gametophytes: IBA 0.5 μM + BA 4.4 μM; IBA 0.5 μM + BA 0.4 μM; IBA 5 μM + BA 0.4 μM; naphthalenacetic acid (NAA) 0.5 μM + BA 4.4 μM; NAA 2.7 μM + BA 2.2 μM; NAA 5.3 + BA μM 0.4; GA3 1.5 and 3 μM; TIBA 1 and 2 μM; and CHA 2.8 and 5.6 μM. Our results revealed that homogenate cultures from gametophytic tissue may be a good experimental system for manipulating the apogamy event. Apogamy may be accelerated in the regenerated gametophytes of D. affinis spp. affinis by cellular disruption or the addition of NAA/BA, GA3, or the spermidine synthase inhibitor CHA to the medium in a certain combination. Moreover, developing embryos were found to take a spatula shape before the meristematic area and lobulated wings are defined, which is typical of a heart-shaped gametophyte.

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Abbreviations

BA:

6-benzyladenine

CHA:

Bromohydrate-cyclohexylamine

F:

Flurprimidol

GA3 :

Gibberellic acid

IBA:

Indole-3-butyric acid

MS:

Murashige and Skoog mineral medium (1962)

TIBA:

2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Area of Plant Physiology, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology (BOS), Oviedo, Spain

    Alejandro Rivera, Paula Conde, Ma Jesús Cañal & Helena Fernández

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  1. Alejandro Rivera
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  2. Paula Conde
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  3. Ma Jesús Cañal
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Correspondence to Helena Fernández .

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  1. Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, Oviedo University, Oviedo, Spain

    Helena Fernández

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Rivera, A., Conde, P., Cañal, M.J., Fernández, H. (2018). Biotechnology and Apogamy in Dryopteris affinis spp. affinis: The Influence of Tissue Homogenization, Auxins, Cytokinins, Gibberellic Acid, and Polyamines. In: Fernández, H. (eds) Current Advances in Fern Research. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75103-0_7

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