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Microwave Technology for Brain Imaging and Monitoring: Physical Foundations, Potential and Limitations

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Emerging Electromagnetic Technologies for Brain Diseases Diagnostics, Monitoring and Therapy

Abstract

This chapter provides an introduction to the physical principles underlying the adoption of microwave technology as a biomedical imaging modality for diagnosis and follow-up of neurological diseases and injuries (e.g., stroke, haematoma). In particular, a theoretical analysis, supported by numerical simulations and experiments, will be given to describe the physical constraints that arise in this kind of application and the relevant limitations. In addition, we discuss the main aspects to be faced when implementing microwave imaging technology in a clinical scenario, by exploiting a design procedure to determine the number of antennas needed to capture, in a non-redundant way, the largest part of the available data.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    For simplicity, the usual case of single-polarisation probes is considered. The extension to the full polarimetric case is straightforward.

  2. 2.

    The “continuous” radiation operator \(\mathscr {S}\) has been computed by considering a number of probes equal to 200, which is well above the degrees of freedom of the field for the scenario described in this example (\(N_0 \simeq 90\)).

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Acknowledgements

This work has been developed in the framework of COST Action TD1301 Development of a European-based Collaborative Network to Accelerate Technological, Clinical and Commercialisation Progress in the Area of Medical Microwave Imaging. It has been partially supported by Hasler Foundation, Switzerland, under Contract No. 13075 High accuracy volume integral equation solver for MRI grids and by the Italian Ministry of University and Research (MIUR) under the program MiBraScan—Microwave Brain Scanner for Cerebrovascular Diseases Monitoring.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. IREA-CNR, Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy

    Rosa Scapaticci & Lorenzo Crocco

  2. Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

    Mina Bjelogrlic

  3. Turin Polytechnic, Torino, Italy

    Jorge A. Tobon Vasquez & Francesca Vipiana

  4. Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark

    Michael Mattes

Authors
  1. Rosa Scapaticci
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  2. Mina Bjelogrlic
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  3. Jorge A. Tobon Vasquez
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  4. Francesca Vipiana
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  5. Michael Mattes
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  6. Lorenzo Crocco
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Rosa Scapaticci or Lorenzo Crocco .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Naples, Italy

    Lorenzo Crocco

  2. Department of Mathematics and Engineering Sciences, Hellenic Military Academy, Vari, Athens, Greece

    Irene Karanasiou

  3. Department of Anesthesiology and Neurology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA

    Michael L James

  4. Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal

    Raquel Cruz Conceição

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Scapaticci, R., Bjelogrlic, M., Tobon Vasquez, J.A., Vipiana, F., Mattes, M., Crocco, L. (2018). Microwave Technology for Brain Imaging and Monitoring: Physical Foundations, Potential and Limitations. In: Crocco, L., Karanasiou, I., James, M., Conceição, R. (eds) Emerging Electromagnetic Technologies for Brain Diseases Diagnostics, Monitoring and Therapy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75007-1_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75007-1_2

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