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Cordgrass Invasions in Mediterranean Marshes: Past, Present and Future

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Book cover Histories of Bioinvasions in the Mediterranean

Part of the book series: Environmental History ((ENVHIS,volume 8))

Abstract

The invasion of natural communities by non-indigenous species (NIS) represents one of the most serious threats to biodiversity . While these invasive processes are rather well studied in river corridors and riparian communities, the invasiveness of non-indigenous aquatic plants in wetlands has received far less attention. Many NIS plants have been introduced more than 100 years ago, while others are more recent arrivals, with most of the introductions occurring at the end of the 19th and at the beginning of the 20th centuries. The Spartina genus (the cordgrasses) is one of the most successful among halophytes (species that can survive and complete their life cycle under saline conditions), being present in a wide range of latitudes across the globe. Typically, Mediterranean systems are inhabited by the endemic small cordgrass Spartina maritima, native from the Atlantic African and European Atlantic coasts. Alongside, and with very similar geographical distribution ranges, two invasive species from the Spartina genus have been detected in Mediterranean systems. Spartina versicolor was first described in the Mediterranean region during the 19th century. This taxon is considered to be originated in America, and was introduced to Europe in the 19th century. It is probable that this species was introduced as packing material in crates to various ports around the Mediterranean Sea . Denseflower cordgrass Spartina densiflora is an invasive grass species of South American origin that has colonized salt marshes in the Gulf of Cadiz in the southwestern Iberian Peninsula , North Africa and North America . This is a facultative halophyte species (plants that avoid the effects of high salt even though they live in a saline environment) with an amazing physiological and morphological flexibility, enabling it to cope with a very wide range of environment constraints (salinity, tidal submergence, soil types, drainage and nutrient availability). Having this knowledge in mind becomes important to review the history of the introduction of these NIS along with their current colonization status and physiological characteristics. In the present chapter, this approach will be integrated with future scenarios of global change and increased anthropogenic pressures to achieve a better understanding of the impact of these NIS in Mediterranean estuarine systems.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    By definition, a neophyte is a plant species species which is not native to a geographical region, and was introduced in recent history.

  2. 2.

    Annual or perennial succulent halophytic or xerophytic herbs or shrubs that include most of the species present in Mediterranean and Atlantic marshes.

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Acknowledgements

This work has been co-funded by Oficina de Cooperación Universidad de Sevilla (Conv. Ay. Act. y Proy. Coop. Des. Mod. 2, 2014/15-2015/2016) and Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO Project CGL2016-75550-R cofunded by FEDER). The authors would also like to thank to the “Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT)” for funding the research in the Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE) throughout the project UID/MAR/04292/2013. The authors would also like thank to the MAR 2020 program through the project RESTAURA2020 (16-01-04-FMP-0014). B. Duarte investigation was supported by FCT throughout a Posdoctoral grant (SFRH/BPD/115162/2016).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal

    Bernardo Duarte & Isabel Caçador

  2. Departamento ‬de ‬Biología ‬Vegetal ‬y ‬Ecología, ‬Facultad ‬de ‬Biología, Universidad ‬de ‬Sevilla, 1095, 41080, Sevilla, Spain

    Enrique Mateos-Naranjo & Susana Redondo Goméz

  3. MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, c/o Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3000, Coimbra, Portugal

    João Carlos Marques

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  1. Bernardo Duarte
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  2. Enrique Mateos-Naranjo
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  3. Susana Redondo Goméz
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  4. João Carlos Marques
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  5. Isabel Caçador
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Correspondence to Bernardo Duarte .

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  1. IHC—Institute of Contemporary History, NOVA-FCSH, Lisbon, Portugal

    Ana Isabel Queiroz

  2. Department of Geography, Birkbeck, University of London, London, United Kingdom

    Simon Pooley

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Duarte, B., Mateos-Naranjo, E., Goméz, S.R., Marques, J.C., Caçador, I. (2018). Cordgrass Invasions in Mediterranean Marshes: Past, Present and Future. In: Queiroz, A., Pooley, S. (eds) Histories of Bioinvasions in the Mediterranean. Environmental History, vol 8. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74986-0_8

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