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Herpetological History of the Balearic Islands: When Aliens Conquered These Islands and What to Do Next

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Histories of Bioinvasions in the Mediterranean

Part of the book series: Environmental History ((ENVHIS,volume 8))

Abstract

Balearic herpetofauna represents a paradigmatic case of multiple biological invasions within the Mediterranean Basin , with a much higher number of alien amphibians (i.e. frogs and toads ) and reptiles (i.e. lizards , snakes and turtles /tortoises ) than native. The paleogeography of the Balearic Islands , located on Western Mediterranean between Spain and Sardinia, is complex, comprehending an ancient split from the continent during the late Miocene and Pleistocene climatic fluctuations connecting and disconnecting islands from one another (but not them to the continent) that eventually re-shaped the archipelago’s biota. The archipelago has been also influenced by humans since the Neolithic, being a cross-road for alien biota between North Africa and Southern Europe , which caused range regressions and extinctions in the native herpetofauna , nowadays restricted to one amphibian and two reptiles . During the last century, tourism development, the pet trade , and cargo transport of ornamental plants have produced a new wave of biological invasions. Recently introduced snakes are of particular concern, since the effect of predation may seriously threaten the remaining native reptiles in the main islands and endemic subspecies in surrounding islets. Balearic people have a negative social perception of such snakes , mainly due to the lack of familiarity with snakes among islanders but also to the herpetophobic attitude of many Mediterranean cultures. Here we review the herpetological invasions in the Balearic Archipelago and their impacts. We further discuss the on-going management actions on alien reptiles in this archipelago, namely the control of invasive snakes in Ibiza involving monitoring, trapping, environmental education and promotion of social participation.

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Ackowledgements

The pilot project was partially funded by the European Regional Development Fund (FEADER), the Spanish Ministry of Agriculture and Environment, and the Balearic Islands Regional Government, through the Leader axis (Rural Development Program of the Balearic Islands). We are grateful to the Wildlife Conservation Service of the Balearic Government and the Partnership for the Fauna Recovery of the Balearic Islands (COFIB) for their total cooperation and for sharing their work with us. NS is supported by a research contract (IF/01526/2013); MAC is supported by the FCT project NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000007, DS is supported by the FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal) post-doctoral grant SFRH/BPD/66592/2009 and IS-R by the FCT Ph.D. grant SFRH/BD/95745/2013 under the Programa Operacional Potencial Humano—Quadro de Referência Estratégico Nacional funds from the European Social Fund and Portuguese Ministério da Educação e Ciência.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CIBIO/InBIO—Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal

    Iolanda Silva-Rocha & Miguel A. Carretero

  2. FCUP, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal

    Iolanda Silva-Rocha

  3. CICGE: Centro de Investigação em Ciências Geo-Espaciais, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal

    Neftalí Sillero

  4. Black Market, Cl. Paraires 23, 07001, Palma de Mallorca, Spain

    José A. Mateo

  5. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciencies, Valencia University, c/. Dr. Moliner 50 Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain

    Elba Montes

  6. Environment Department, Ibiza Island Council, Av. España, 49, 07800, Ibiza, Spain

    Elba Montes

  7. Asociacion Herpetologica Espanola, Espanola, Spain

    Enrique Ayllón

  8. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Granada University, 18071, Granada, Spain

    Juan M. Pleguezuelos

  9. Department of Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100, Coppito, L’Aquila, Italy

    Daniele Salvi

Authors
  1. Iolanda Silva-Rocha
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  2. Elba Montes
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  3. Daniele Salvi
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  4. Neftalí Sillero
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  5. José A. Mateo
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  6. Enrique Ayllón
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  7. Juan M. Pleguezuelos
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  8. Miguel A. Carretero
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Iolanda Silva-Rocha .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. IHC—Institute of Contemporary History, NOVA-FCSH, Lisbon, Portugal

    Ana Isabel Queiroz

  2. Department of Geography, Birkbeck, University of London, London, United Kingdom

    Simon Pooley

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Silva-Rocha, I. et al. (2018). Herpetological History of the Balearic Islands: When Aliens Conquered These Islands and What to Do Next . In: Queiroz, A., Pooley, S. (eds) Histories of Bioinvasions in the Mediterranean. Environmental History, vol 8. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74986-0_5

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