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Cellular Uptake and Mode-of-Action of Clostridium difficile Toxins

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Updates on Clostridium difficile in Europe

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AMIDPH,volume 1050))

Abstract

Research on the human gut pathogen Clostridium difficile and its toxins has gained much attention, particularly as a consequence of the increasing threat to human health presented by emerging hypervirulent strains. Toxin A (TcdA) and B (TcdB) are the two major virulence determinants of C. difficile. Both are single-chain proteins with a similar multidomain architecture. Certain hypervirulent C. difficile strains also produce a third toxin, namely binary toxin CDT (Clostridium difficile transferase). As C. difficile toxins are the causative agents of C. difficile-associated diseases (CDAD), such as antibiotics-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis, considerable efforts have been expended to unravel their molecular mode-of-action and the cellular mechanisms responsible for their uptake. Notably, a high proportion of studies on C. difficile toxins were performed in European laboratories. In this chapter we will highlight important recent advances in C. difficile toxins research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany

    Panagiotis Papatheodorou & Klaus Aktories

  2. Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany

    Panagiotis Papatheodorou & Holger Barth

  3. Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany

    Panagiotis Papatheodorou

  4. BBSRC/EPSRC Synthetic Biology Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK

    Nigel Minton

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  1. Panagiotis Papatheodorou
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  2. Holger Barth
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  3. Nigel Minton
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  4. Klaus Aktories
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Correspondence to Panagiotis Papatheodorou .

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  1. Former Research Director in the Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health (ISS), Rome, Italy

    Paola Mastrantonio

  2. Department for Microbiological Research, National Laboratory of Health, Environment and Food (NLZOH), Maribor, Slovenia

    Maja Rupnik

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Papatheodorou, P., Barth, H., Minton, N., Aktories, K. (2018). Cellular Uptake and Mode-of-Action of Clostridium difficile Toxins. In: Mastrantonio, P., Rupnik, M. (eds) Updates on Clostridium difficile in Europe. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology(), vol 1050. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72799-8_6

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