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Migration in the Light of Criminology and Psychology: “Win-Win” in Theory and Practice

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Refugees and Migrants in Law and Policy

Abstract

The New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants emphasizes that sending and receiving countries both have something to gain from migration (win-win). Accordingly, the authors analyzed this very premise in correspondence with the areas of criminology and psychology.

In regard to criminology, the first part of the chapter involves the theory of international relations. In particular, the authors consider various aspects of game theory in international relations and criminological theory in the context of the current migration crisis.

Moving onward to psychology, the second part of the chapter provides an analysis of challenges related to unique refugee experiences and ideas of interventional activities that catalyze complex cultural adaptation processes.

Challenges and opportunities related to the acculturation phenomenon are thoroughly discussed.

The results that are derived from the discussion of mutual dependencies between culture and well-being add to the standard description of contemporary migrations.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The Prisoner’s Dilemma is a standard example of a game analyzed in game theory that shows why two completely “rational” individuals might not cooperate, even if it appears that it is in their best interests to do so. It was originally framed by Merrill Flood and Melvin Dresher working at RAND in 1950. Albert W. Tucker formalized the game with prison sentence rewards and named it, “prisoner’s dilemma” (Poundstone 1992).

  2. 2.

    newdelhi.mfa.gov.pl. 10 November 2013. Accessed 7 May 2017. Balachani it is the local (autochton) name of village in India (English: Lofty Village.).There was a campsite for Polish refugee children during the Second World War by Jam Saheb Maharaja of Nawanagar in 1942, near his summer resort. He provided refuge to hundreds of Polish children rescued from Soviet camps. The campsite is now part of the Sainik School. The Sainik School, Balachadi is the only Sainik School of Gujarat. It was established in 1961.

  3. 3.

    United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs (2015). Trends in International Migrant Stock The 2015 revision (United Nations database, POP/DB/MIG/Stock/Rev.2015).

  4. 4.

    United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Global forced displacement hits record high. Geneva: UNHCR, 2016.

  5. 5.

    Eurostat (2016a). Countries of origin of (non-EU) asylum seekers in the EU-28 Member States, 2015 and 2016. Luxembourg: Eurostat, 2016. http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/File:Countries_of_origin_of_(non-EU)_asylum_seekers_in_the_EU-28_Member_States,_2015_and_2016_(thousands_of_first_time_applicants)_YB17.png.

  6. 6.

    Hobfoll (2006) defines resources as all objects, personal qualities, life circumstances, relationships valued by an individual. According to Hobfoll, resources will include not only tangible assets, but also the possessed knowledge, skills, satisfactory interpersonal relationships or time spent with relatives.

    The source of data relating to the EU countries with the highest number of asylum seekers 2016: Eurostat 2016b. Number of (non-EU) asylum seekers in the EU and EFTA Member States, 2015 and 2016. Luxembourg: Eurostat 2016.

    http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/File:Number_of_(non-EU)_asylum_seekers_in_the_EU_and_EFTA_Member_States,_2015_and_2016_(thousands_of_first_time_applicants)_YB17.png.

  7. 7.

    Eurostat (2016c). Five main citizenships of (non-EU) asylum applicants, 2016. Luxembourg: Eurostat 2016. http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/File:Five_main_citizenships_of_(non-EU)_asylum_applicants,_2016_(number_of_first_time_applicants,_rounded_figures)_YB17.png.

  8. 8.

    In statistics, the Mann–Whitney U test is a nonparametric test of the null hypothesis that it is equally likely that a randomly selected value from one sample will be less than or greater than a randomly selected value from a second sample.

  9. 9.

    Eight out of forty three immigrant groups had significantly lower levels of life satisfaction than the Canadian–born population; the groups were from: Bangladesh, Egypt, India, China, Iran, Russia, South Korea and Turkey (Frank et al. 2015, p. 1675).

  10. 10.

    See more: http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=47089, Accessed 5 September 2017.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Management Engineering, Department of Tourism Management, Białystok University of Technology, Białystok, Poland

    Magdalena Ickiewicz-Sawicka

  2. Department of Psychology of Work and Stress, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University, Institute of Psychology, Warsaw, Poland

    Aleksandra Borkowska

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  1. Magdalena Ickiewicz-Sawicka
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  1. University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

    Helmut Kury

  2. Vienna Liaison Office, Academic Council on the United Nations System, Wien, Austria

    Sławomir Redo

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Ickiewicz-Sawicka, M., Borkowska, A. (2018). Migration in the Light of Criminology and Psychology: “Win-Win” in Theory and Practice. In: Kury, H., Redo, S. (eds) Refugees and Migrants in Law and Policy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72159-0_34

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