Skip to main content

Other Locations of Deep Endometriosis

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
How to Perform Ultrasonography in Endometriosis

Abstract

While pelvic endometriosis is defined as lesions of the fallopian tubes, ovaries, and local peritoneum, extrapelvic endometriosis refers to endometriotic implants found elsewhere in the body [1]. The extrapelvic implantation of endometrial tissue has been described in virtually every organ, system, and tissue in the body [2]. The true prevalence of extrapelvic endometriosis is unknown because of a lack of well-defined epidemiological studies; in fact, only surgical and gynecological case reports are reported. Many diagnostic methods have been proposed, but none of them represents the gold standard. The role of ultrasonography has been proposed and recognized only in some locations [1].

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Jubanyik KJ, Comite F. Extrapelvic endometriosis. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 1997;24(2):411–40.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Jenkins S, Olive DL, Haney AF. Endometriosis: pathogenetic implications of the anatomic distribution. Obstet Gynecol. 1986;67:335–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Markham SM, Carpenter SE, Rock JA. Extrapelvic endometriosis. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 1989;16:193–219.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Hensen JH, Van Breda Vriesman AC, Puylaert JB. Abdominal wall endometriosis: clinical presentation and imaging features with emphasis on sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2006;186(3):616–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Nominato NS, Prates LF, Lauar I, Morais J, Maia L, Geber S. Caesarean section greatly increases risk of scar endometriosis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2010;152(1):83–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Krantz AM, Dave AA, Margolin DJ. A case of umbilical endometriosis: Villar’s nodule. Cureus. 2016;8(12):e926.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Dessy LA, Buccheri EM, Chiummariello S, Gagliardi DN, Onesti MG. Umbilical endometriosis, our experience. In Vivo. 2008;22:811–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Yang DM, Kim HC, Ryu JK, Lim JW, Kim GY. Sonographic findings of inguinal endometriosis. J Ultrasound Med. 2010;29:105–10.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Wang CJ, Chao AS, Wang TH, Wu CT, Chao A, Lai CH. Challenge in the management of endometriosis in the canal of Nuck. Fertil Steril. 2009;91(3):936.e9–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Giannella L, La Marca A, Ternelli G, Menozzi G. Rectus abdominis muscle endometriosis: case report and review of the literature. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2010;36(4):902–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Yoon J, Lee YS, Chang HS, Park CS. Endometriosis of the appendix. Ann Surg Treat Res. 2014;87(3):144–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. De Riggi MA, Fusco F, Marino G, Izzo A. Giant endometrial cyst of the liver: a case report and review of the literature. G Chir. 2016;37(2):79–83.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Basso MP, Christiano AB, Oliveira ALC, Cunrath GS, Netinho JG. Appendicular endometriosis as a cause of chronic abdominal pain alone in the right iliac fossa: case report and literature review. J Coloproctol. 2012;32(1):80–3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Van Gorp T, Amant F, Neven P, Vergote I, Moerman P. Endometriosis and the development of malignant tumors of the pelvis. A review of the literature. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2004;18:349–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Stevens EE, Pradhan TS, Chak Y, Lee YC. Malignant transformation of endometriosis in a cesarean section abdominal wall scar: a case report. J Reprod Med. 2013;58(5–6):264–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Ferrandina G, Palluzzi E, Fanfani F, Gentileschi S, Valentini AL, Mattoli MV, Pennacchia I, Scambia G, Zannoni G. Endometriosis-associated clear cell carcinoma arising in caesarean section scar: a case report and review of the literature. World J Surg Oncol. 2016;14:300.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Guerriero S, et al. Systematic approach to sonographic evaluation of the pelvis in women with suspected endometriosis, including terms, definitions and measurements: a consensus opinion from the International Deep Endometriosis Analysis (IDEA) group. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2016;48:318–32.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Savelli L, Manuzzi L, Di Donato N, Salfi N, Trivella G, Ceccaroni M, Seracchioli R. Endometriosis of the abdominal wall: ultrasonographic and Doppler characteristics. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2012;39(3):336–40.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Francica G. Reliable clinical and sonographic findings in the diagnosis of abdominal wall endometriosis near cesarean section scar. World J Radiol. 2012;4(4):135–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Ling CM, Lefrebre G. Extrapelvic endometriosis: a case report and review of the literature. J Soc Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2000;22(2):97–100.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Veeraswamy A, Lewis M, Mann A, Kotikela S, Hajhosseini B, Nezhat C. Extragenital endometriosis. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2010;53(2):449–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Wang Y, Wang W, Wang L, Wang J, Tang J. Ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound treatment for abdominal wall endometriosis: preliminary results. Eur J Radiol. 2011;79(1):56–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2009.12.034. Epub 2010 Feb 8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Picard A, Varlet MN, Guillibert F, Srour M, Clemenson A, Khaddage A, Seffert P, Chene G. Three dimensional sonographic diagnosis of abdominal wall endometriosis: a useful tool? Fertil Steril. 2011;95(1):289.e1–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Gougoutas CA, Siegelman ES, Hunt J, Outwater EK. Pelvic endometriosis: various manifestations and MR imaging findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2000;175(2):353–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Stefano Guerriero .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

13.1 Electronic Supplementary Material

An ultrasonographic evaluation of a scar endometriosis in a 32-year-old woman with a cesarean section 6 years before with uncorrect focalization (AVI 9818 kb)

An ultrasonographic evaluation of a scar endometriosis in the same patient of Video 13.1 but with a better focalization (AVI 9408 kb)

A color Doppler scan of the same nodule of Videos 13.1 and 13.2 (AVI 5750 kb)

An ultrasonographic evaluation of two nodules of scar endometriosis in a 39-year-old woman with a previous cesarean section 6 years before (AVI 28817 kb)

An ultrasonographic evaluation of two nodules of scar endometriosis in a 39-year-old woman with a previous cesarean section 6 years before (AVI 18770 kb)

An ultrasonographic evaluation of Villar’s nodule in a 33-year-old woman without previous abdominal surgery (AVI 10636 kb)

An ultrasonographic color Doppler evaluation of Villar’s nodule in a 33-year-old woman without previous abdominal surgery (AVI 1539 kb)

An ultrasonographic evaluation of a rectus abdominis endometriosis in a 30-year-old woman with one previous cesarean section 4 years before (AVI 16663 kb)

An ultrasonographic color Doppler evaluation of a rectus abdominis endometriosis in a 30-years-old woman with one previous cesarean section 4 years before (AVI 2387 kb)

Sonographic features of right inguinal endometriosis presenting as a cystic mass with internal septa (few color Doppler spots peripherally) and hypoechoic content located in inguinal area (AVI 1298 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Guerriero, S. et al. (2018). Other Locations of Deep Endometriosis. In: Guerriero, S., Condous, G., Alcázar, J.L. (eds) How to Perform Ultrasonography in Endometriosis. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71138-6_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71138-6_13

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-71137-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-71138-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics