Abstract
Scleroderma, or more accurately systemic sclerosis (SSc), is a multi-organ systemic disease involving inflammation, vascular destruction, and disrepair with collagen deposition and fibrosis. Early recognition leading to timely management positively impacts survival and disease progression.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Oyoo O, Moots RJ, Ganda B. Stepping into the state of rheumatology in East Africa. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2012;51:1345–6.
Chifflot H, Fautrel B, Sordet C, et al. Incidence and prevalence of systemic sclerosis: a systematic literature review. J Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2008;37:223–35.
Dia D, Dieng MT, Sy TN, et al. Systemic scleroderma: 92 cases in Dakar. Dakar Med. 2003;48:82–6.
Adelowo OO, Oguntona S. Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis) among Nigerians. Clin Rheumatol. 2009;28:1121–5.
Mijiyawa M, Amanga K, Oniankitan OI, et al. Connective tissue diseases in the hospital outpatient service in Lomé (Togo). Rev Med Interne. 1999;20:13–7.
Pitche P, Amanga Y, Koumouvi K, et al. Scleroderma in a hospital setting in Togo. Med Trop. 1998;58:65–8.
Tager RE, Tikly M. Clinical and laboratory manifestations of systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) in Black South Africans. Rheumatology (Oxford). 1999;38:397–400.
Steen VD, Oddis CV, Conte CG, Janoski J, Casterline GZ, Medsger TA Jr. Incidence of systemic sclerosis in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. A twenty-year study of hospital-diagnosed cases, 1963-1982. Arthritis Rheum. 1997;40:441–5. PMID: 90829319.
Steen V, Domsic RT, Lucas M, Fertig N, Medsger TA Jr. A clinical and serologic comparison of African American and Caucasian patients with systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum. 2012;64:2986–94. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.34482. PMID: 225766201.
Reveille JD, Durban E, Goldstein R, Moreda R, Arnett FC. Racial differences in the frequencies of scleroderma-related autoantibodies. Arthritis Rheum. 1992;35:216–8. PMID: 1734910.
Laing TJ, Gillespie BW, Toth MB, et al. Racial differences in scleroderma among women in Michigan. Arthritis Rheum. 1997;40:734–42.
Beall AD, Nietert PJ, Taylor MH, et al. Ethnic disparities among patients with pulmonary hypertension associated with systemic sclerosis. J Rheumatol. 2007;34:1277–82.
Mayes MD. Scleroderma epidemiology. Rheum Dis Clin N Am. 1996;22:751–64.
Mayes MD, Lacey JV Jr, Beebe-Dimmer J, et al. Prevalence, incidence, survival, and disease characteristics of systemic sclerosis in a large US population. Arthritis Rheum. 2003;48:2246–55.
Medsger TA Jr, Masi AT. The epidemiology of systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) among male U.S. veterans. J Chronic Dis. 1978;31:73–85.
Wang J, Assassi S, Guo G, et al. Clinical and serological features of systemic sclerosis in a Chinese cohort. Clin Rheumatol. 2013;32:617–21.
McNeilage LJ, Youngchaiyud U, Whittingham S. Racial differences in antinuclear antibody patterns and clinical manifestations of scleroderma. Arthritis Rheum. 1989;32:54–60.
Pakunpanya K, Verasertniyom O, Vanichapuntu M, et al. Incidence and clinical correlation of anticentromere antibody in Thai patients. S Clin Rheumatol. 2006;25:325–8.
Krishnamurthy V, Porkodi R, Ramakrishnan S, et al. Progressive systemic sclerosis in south India. J Assoc Physicians India. 1991;39:254–7.
Kumar A, Malaviya AN, Tiwari SC, et al. Clinical and laboratory profile of systemic sclerosis in northern India. J Assoc Physicians India. 1990;38:765–8.
Pradhan V, Rajadhyaksha A, Nadkar M, et al. Clinical and autoimmune profile of scleroderma patients from Western India. Int J Rheumatol. 2014;2014:983781.
Sharma VK, Trilokraj T, Khaitan B, et al. Profile of systemic sclerosis in a tertiary care center in North India. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2006;72:416–20.
Eason RJ, Tan PL, Gow PJ. Progressive systemic sclerosis in Auckland: a ten year review with emphasis on prognostic features. Aust NZ J Med. 1981;11:657–62.
Le Guern V, Mahr A, Mouthon L, et al. Prevalence of systemic sclerosis in a French multi-ethnic county. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2004;43:1129–37.
Kuwana M, Okano Y, Kaburaki J, et al. Racial differences in the distribution of systemic sclerosis-related serum antinuclear antibodies. Arthritis Rheum. 1994;37:902–6.
Nietert PJ, Silver RM, Mitchell HC, et al. Demographic and clinical factors associated with in-hospital death among patients with systemic sclerosis. J Rheumatol. 2005;32:1888–92.
Rocha LF, Luppino Assad AP, Marangoni RG, et al. Systemic sclerosis and silica exposure: a rare association in a large Brazilian cohort. Rheumatol Int. 2016;36:697–702.
Bernatsky S, Smargiassi A, Johnson M, et al. Fine particulate air pollution, nitrogen dioxide, and systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease in Calgary, Alberta. Environ Res. 2015;140:474–8.
Jimenez SA, Diaz A, Khalili K. Retroviruses and the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis. Int Rev Immunol. 1995;12:159–75.
Neidhart M, Kuchen S, Distler O, et al. Increased serum levels of antibodies against human cytomegalovirus and prevalence of autoantibodies in systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum. 1999;42:389–92.
Marie I, Gehanno JF. Environmental risk factors of systemic sclerosis. Semin Immunopathol. 2015;37:463–73.
Maître A, Hours M, Bonneterre V, et al. Systemic sclerosis and occupational risk factors: role of solvents and cleaning products. J Rheumatol. 2004;31:2395–401.
Cowie RL, Dansey RD. Features of systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) in South African goldminers. S Afr Med J. 1990;77:400–2.
Del Papa N, Quirici N, Scavullo C, et al. Antiendothelial cell antibodies induce apoptosis of bone marrow endothelial progenitors in systemic sclerosis. J Rheumatol. 2010;37:2053–63.
Riemekasten G, Philippe A, Näther M, et al. Involvement of functional autoantibodies against vascular receptors in systemic sclerosis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011;70:530–6.
Baroni SS, Santillo M, Bevilacqua F, et al. Stimulatory autoantibodies to the PDGF receptor in systemic sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:2667–76.
Riemekasten G, Cabral-Marques O. Antibodies against angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and endothelin receptor type A (ETAR) in systemic sclerosis (SSc)-response. Autoimmun Rev. 2016;15:935.
Distler JH, Gay S, Distler O. Angiogenesis and vasculogenesis in systemic sclerosis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2006;45(Suppl 3):iii26–7. Erratum in: Rheumatology (Oxford) 2008;47:234–35.
Tsou PS, Rabquer BJ, Ohara RA, et al. Scleroderma dermal microvascular endothelial cells exhibit defective response to pro-angiogenic chemokines. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2016;55:745–54.
Bogatkevich GS, Ludwicka-Bradley A, Highland KB, et al. Impairment of the antifibrotic effect of hepatocyte growth factor in lung fibroblasts from African Americans: possible role in systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56:2432–42.
Bogatkevich GS, Highland KB, Akter T, et al. The PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone is antifibrotic for scleroderma lung fibroblasts: mechanisms of action and differential racial effects. Pulm Med. 2012;2012:545172.
Silver RM, Bogatkevich G, Tourkina E, et al. Racial differences between blacks and whites with systemic sclerosis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2012;24:642–8.
Van den Hoogen F, Khanna D, Fransen J, et al. 2013 classification criteria for systemic sclerosis: an American college of rheumatology/European league against rheumatism collaborative initiative. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013;72:1747–55.
Maricq HR, Weinrich MC. Diagnosis of Raynaud’s phenomenon assisted by color charts. J Rheumatol. 1988;15:454–9.
Gelber AC, Manno RL, Shah AA, et al. Race and association with disease manifestations and mortality in scleroderma: a 20-year experience at the Johns Hopkins Scleroderma Center and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 2013;92:191–205.
Nusbaum JS, Gordon JK, Steen VD. African American race associated with body image dissatisfaction among patients with systemic sclerosis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2016;34 Suppl 100:70–3.
Cannick L, Douglas G, Crater S, et al. Nodular scleroderma: case report and literature review. J Rheumatol. 2003;30:2500–2.
Ramos PS, Silver RM, Feghali-Bostwick CA. Genetics of systemic sclerosis: recent advances. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2015;27:521–9.
Black HR, Quallich H, Gareleck CB. Racial differences in serum creatine kinase levels. Am J Med. 1986;81:479–87.
Spechler SJ, Jain SK, Tendler DA, et al. Racial differences in the frequency of symptoms and complications of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2002;16:1795–80.
Segal I. The gastro-oesophageal reflux disease complex in sub-Saharan Africa. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2001;10:209–12.
Sonnenberg A. Effects of environment and lifestyle on gastroesophageal reflux disease. Dig Dis. 2011;29:229–34.
Nietert PJ, Mitchell HC, Bolster MB, et al. Racial variation in clinical and immunological manifestations of systemic sclerosis. J Rheumatol. 2006;33:263–8.
McNearney TA, Reveille JD, Fischbach M, et al. Pulmonary involvement in systemic sclerosis: associations with genetic, serologic, sociodemographic, and behavioral factors. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;57:318–26.
Greidinger EL, Flaherty KT, White B, et al. African-American race and antibodies to topoisomerase I are associated with increased severity of scleroderma lung disease. Chest. 1998 Sep;114:801–7.
Aggarwal R, Lucas M, Fertig N, et al. Anti-U3 RNP autoantibodies in systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;60:1112–8.
Shapiro LS, Saketkoo L, Farrell JF, et al. Development of a “Renal Crisis Prevention Card” as an educational tool aimed at improving outcomes in high-risk patients with systemic sclerosis. Abstract 2716 ACR/ARHP Annual Meeting, November 2014; Boston, MA.
Acknowledgment
The authors wish to gratefully acknowledge the editorial and research contributions of Roberta Lukasiewicz, Heather Sickler, and Tammy Kelly to the development and writing of this chapter.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Shapiro, L., Saketkoo, L.A., Steen, V.D. (2018). Scleroderma in Pigmented Skin Populations. In: Orfanos, C., Zouboulis, C., Assaf, C. (eds) Pigmented Ethnic Skin and Imported Dermatoses. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69422-1_42
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69422-1_42
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-69421-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-69422-1
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)