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References
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Out-of-plane peripheral IV placement. The hyperechoic needle tip is seen going through the tissue and entering the center of the vein (MP4 469 kb)
In-plane peripheral IV placement. An in-plane approach allows for visualization of the entire needle as it traverses the subcutaneous tissue and enters the vein (MP4 509 kb)
Internal jugular vein. The internal jugular vein is a larger vessel with thin walls that is compressible under pressure, and the carotid artery has a thicker wall and is pulsatile (MP4 571 kb)
Femoral vein. The common femoral vein on the left is compressible under pressure, and the femoral artery on the right with a thick muscular wall is pulsatile under pressure (MP4 2027 kb)
Out-of-plane central line placement demonstrating the tip of the IV approaching the vessel (MP4 2287 kb)
Out-of-plane central line placement identifying the hyperechoic needle tip within the middle of the vein (MP4 2347 kb)
In-plane central line needle. The needle is visualized within the lumen of the vessel (MP4 4891 kb)
In-plane central line wire confirmation. Visualization of the wire within the vessel helps to confirm appropriate line placement (MP4 4889 kb)
RASS. Shortly after injection of saline into the CVC, bubbles will reach the right atrium and ventricle; this is called rapid atrial swirl sign (RASS) (MP4 2365 kb)
Ascites with the bowel in far field. Ascites is anechoic and the bowels are seen in the far field (MP4 1844 kb)
Needle in the peritoneum and ascites. The arrow is pointing to the tip of the needle as it pierces through the tissue into the peritoneum (MP4 527 kb)
Needle tip near the nerve. The entire length of the needle is visualized as it gets close to the nerve (MP4 371 kb)
Injection of anesthetic around the nerve. The anesthetic is ejected from the tip of the needle and hydro-dissects around the nerve (MP4 1876 kb)
Spinous process in transverse. The spinous process appears as a hyperechoic crescent with posterior shadowing (MP4 1271 kb)
Spinous process in sagittal. The interspinous space is centered in the middle of the screen (MP4 1110 kb)
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Taylor, L. (2018). Ultrasound-Guided Procedures. In: Clinical Ultrasound. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68634-9_18
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68634-9_18
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