Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Pediatric Nail Disorders and Selected Genodermatoses with Nail Findings

  • Chapter
Scher and Daniel’s Nails

  • 2129 Accesses

Abstract

Variants of the appearance of normal pediatric nails are common. Some nail disorders are congenital and others primarily affect children. A number of genetic conditions have associated nail findings and by recognizing them, may help to make the diagnosis. These nail disorders and findings will be reviewed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Barth JH, Dawber RP. Diseases of the nails in children. Pediatr Dermatol. 1987;4(4):275–90.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. de Berker D. Childhood nail diseases. Dermatol Clin. 2006;24(3):355–63.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Baker RD, Greer FR, Committee on Nutrition American Academy of P. Diagnosis and prevention of iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia in infants and young children (0–3 years of age). Pediatrics. 2010;126(5):1040–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Delano S, Belazarian L. Chevron nails: a normal variant in the pediatric population. Pediatr Dermatol. 2014;31(1):e24–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Zaiac MN, Glick BP, Zaias N. Chevron nail. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1998;38(5 Pt 1):773.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Chen W, Yu YS, Liu YH, Sheen JM, Hsiao CC. Nail changes associated with chemotherapy in children. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2007;21(2):186–90.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Shah KN, Rubin AI. Nail disorders as signs of pediatric systemic disease. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care. 2012;42(8):204–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Ventarola D, Bordone L, Silverberg N. Update on hand-foot-and-mouth disease. Clin Dermatol. 2015;33(3):340–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Samman PD. Great toe nail dystrophy. Clin Exp Dermatol. 1978;3(1):81–2.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Wulkan AJ, Tosti A. Pediatric nail conditions. Clin Dermatol. 2013;31(5):564–72.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Cambiaghi S, Pistritto G, Gelmetti C. Congenital hypertrophy of the lateral nail folds of the hallux in twins. Br J Dermatol. 1997;136(4):635–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Piraccini BM, Parente GL, Varotti E, Tosti A. Congenital hypertrophy of the lateral nail folds of the hallux: clinical features and follow-up of seven cases. Pediatr Dermatol. 2000;17(5):348–51.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Matsui T, Kidou M, Ono T. Infantile multiple ingrowing nails of the fingers induced by the graspreflex – a new entity. Dermatology. 2002;205(1):25–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Iwasawa M, Hirose T, Matsuo K. Congenital curved nail of the fourth toe. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1991;87(3):553–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Yotsumoto S, Kanzaki T. Curved nail of the fourth toe. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1999;40(1):124–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Lin YC, Wu YH, Scher RK. Congenital curved nail of the fourth toe – three different clinical presentations. Pediatr Dermatol. 2007;24(4):380–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Mitsukawa N, Karube D, Saiga A, Akita S, Kubota Y, Kuriyama M, et al. Surgical treatment for congenital curved nail of the fourth toe. Ann Plast Surg. 2015;74(3):361–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Richert B, Andre J. Nail disorders in children: diagnosis and management. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2011;12(2):101–12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Richert B, Choffray A, de la Brassinne M. Cosmetic surgery for congenital nail deformities. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2008;7(4):304–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Crespel E, Plantin P, Schoenlaub P, Blayo M, Queinnec C, Broussine L. Hyperpigmentation of the distal phalanx in healthy Caucasian neonates. Eur J Dermatol. 2001;11(2):120–1.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Qureshi A, Wong KY, Grant I. Congenital anonychia. J Hand Surg Eur. 2016;41(3):348–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Bruchle NO, Frank J, Frank V, Senderek J, Akar A, Koc E, et al. RSPO4 is the major gene in autosomal-recessive anonychia and mutations cluster in the furin-like cysteine-rich domains of the Wnt signaling ligand R-spondin 4. J Invest Dermatol. 2008;128(4):791–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Seitz CS, Hamm H. Congenital brachydactyly and nail hypoplasia: clue to bone-dependent nail formation. Br J Dermatol. 2005;152(6):1339–42.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Baran R, Juhlin L. Bone dependent nail formation. Br J Dermatol. 1986;114(3):371–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Parsapour K, Reep MD, Mohammed L, Church A, Shwayder T. Herlitz junctional epidermolysis bullosa presenting at birth with anonychia: a case report and review of H-JEB. Pediatr Dermatol. 2001;18(3):217–22.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Almeida HL Jr, Monteiro LM, Goetze FM, Silva RM, Rocha NM. Clinical variability in dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa and findings with scanning electron microscopy. An Bras Dermatol. 2012;87(1):127–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Campeau PM, Hennekam RC, group Dsc. DOORS syndrome: phenotype, genotype and comparison with Coffin-Siris syndrome. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet. 2014;166C(3):327–32.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Babu S, Agarwal N. Anonychia due to prenatal phenytoin exposure. J Assoc Physicians India. 2012;60:64.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Ruthnum P, Tolmie JL. Atypical malformations in an infant exposed to warfarin during the first trimester of pregnancy. Teratology. 1987;36(3):299–301.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Sathienkijkanchai A, Wasant P. Fetal warfarin syndrome. J Med Assoc Thail. 2005;88(Suppl 8):S246–50.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Neri I, Savoia F, Giacomini F, Patrizi A. Anonychia, hyponychia and spontaneous amputation of the distal phalanges as a consequence of ischaemic necrosis of the extremities after umbilical catheterization. Br J Dermatol. 2007;157(6):1299–301.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Baran R, Stroud JD. Congenital onychodysplasia of the index fingers. Iso and Kikuchi syndrome. Arch Dermatol. 1984;120(2):243–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Di Chiacchio N, Jasso-Olivares JC, Di Chiacchio NG, Jacinto JA, Restrepo MV. Syndrome in question. An Bras Dermatol. 2015;90(3):423–5.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  34. Sweeney E, Fryer A, Mountford R, Green A, McIntosh I. Nail patella syndrome: a review of the phenotype aided by developmental biology. J Med Genet. 2003;40(3):153–62.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  35. Anolik RB, Shah K, Rubin AI. Onychophagia-induced longitudinal melanonychia. Pediatr Dermatol. 2012;29(4):488–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Baran R. Frictional longitudinal melanonychia: a new entity. Dermatologica. 1987;174(6):280–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Goettmann-Bonvallot S, Andre J, Belaich S. Longitudinal melanonychia in children: a clinical and histopathologic study of 40 cases. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1999;41(1):17–22.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Clayton N, Atkar R, Verdolini R. Ten bright-white fingernails in two young healthy patients. Congenital total (patient 1) and subtotal (patient 2) leuconychia (white nails syndrome, or milky nails). Clin Exp Dermatol. 2012;37(2):201–2.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Bettoli V, Tosti A. Leukonychia totalis and partialis: a single family presenting a peculiar course of the disease. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1986;15(3):535.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Kiuru M, Kurban M, Itoh M, Petukhova L, Shimomura Y, Wajid M, et al. Hereditary leukonychia, or porcelain nails, resulting from mutations in PLCD1. Am J Hum Genet. 2011;88(6):839–44.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  41. Lee YB, Kim JE, Park HJ, Cho BK. A case of hereditary leukonychia totalis and partialis. Int J Dermatol. 2011;50(2):233–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Marcilly MC, Balme B, Haftek M, Wolf F, Grezard P, Berard F, et al. Sub-total hereditary leukonychia, histopathological and electron microscopy study of “milky” nails. Ann Dermatol Venereol. 2003;130(1 Pt 1):50–4.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Mozena JD. The Mozena Classification System and treatment algorithm for ingrown hallux nails. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2002;92(3):131–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Martinez-Nova A, Sanchez-Rodriguez R, Alonso-Pena D. A new onychocryptosis classification and treatment plan. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2007;97(5):389–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Kline A. Onychocryptosis: a simple classification system. Foot Ankle J. 2008;1(5):6.

    Google Scholar 

  46. De Dulanto F, Armijo-Moreno M, Camacho-Martinez F. Histological findings in parakeratosis pustulosa. Acta Derm Venereol. 1974;54(5):365–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Tosti A, Peluso AM, Zucchelli V. Clinical features and long-term follow-up of 20 cases of parakeratosis pustulosa. Pediatr Dermatol. 1998;15(4):259–63.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Patel R, Kumar H, More B, Patricolo M. Paediatric recurrent herpetic whitlow. BMJ Case Rep. 2013;2013.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Rubright JH, Shafritz AB. The herpetic whitlow. J Hand Surg Am. 2011;36(2):340–2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Woroszylski A, Duran C, Tamayo L, Orozco ML, Ruiz-Maldonado R. Staphylococcal blistering dactylitis: report of two patients. Pediatr Dermatol. 1996;13(4):292–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Fretzayas A, Moustaki M, Tsagris V, Brozou T, Nicolaidou P. MRSA blistering distal dactylitis and review of reported cases. Pediatr Dermatol. 2011;28(4):433–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Tosti A, Bardazzi F, Piraccini BM, Fanti PA. Idiopathic trachyonychia (twenty-nail dystrophy): a pathological study of 23 patients. Br J Dermatol. 1994;131(6):866–72.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Kumar MG, Ciliberto H, Bayliss SJ. Long-term follow-up of pediatric trachyonychia. Pediatr Dermatol. 2015;32(2):198–200.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Kasumagic-Halilovic E, Prohic A. Nail changes in alopecia areata: frequency and clinical presentation. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2009;23(2):240–1.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Finner AM. Alopecia areata: clinical presentation, diagnosis, and unusual cases. Dermatol Ther. 2011;24(3):348–54.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Tosti A, Piraccini BM, Fanti PA, Bardazzi F, Di Landro A. Idiopathic atrophy of the nails: clinical and pathological study of 2 cases. Dermatology. 1995;190(2):116–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Tosti A, Piraccini BM, Cambiaghi S, Jorizzo M. Nail lichen planus in children: clinical features, response to treatment, and long-term follow-up. Arch Dermatol. 2001;137(8):1027–32.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Patrizi A, Neri I, Fiorentini C, Bonci A, Ricci G. Lichen striatus: clinical and laboratory features of 115 children. Pediatr Dermatol. 2004;21(3):197–204.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Tosti A, Peluso AM, Misciali C, Cameli N. Nail lichen striatus: clinical features and long-term follow-up of five patients. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1997;36(6 Pt 1):908–13.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Vozza A, Baroni A, Nacca L, Piccolo V, Falleti J, Vozza G. Lichen striatus with nail involvement in an 8-year-old child. J Dermatol. 2011;38(8):821–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Kavak A, Kutluay L. Nail involvement in lichen striatus. Pediatr Dermatol. 2002;19(2):136–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Youssef SM, Teng JM. Effective topical combination therapy for treatment of lichen striatus in children: a case series and review. J Drugs Dermatol. 2012;11(7):872–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Kim GW, Kim SH, Seo SH, Jung DS, Ko HC, Kim MB, et al. Lichen striatus with nail abnormality successfully treated with tacrolimus ointment. J Dermatol. 2009;36(11):616–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Mercy K, Kwasny M, Cordoro KM, Menter A, Tom WL, Korman N, et al. Clinical manifestations of pediatric psoriasis: results of a multicenter study in the United States. Pediatr Dermatol. 2013;30(4):424–8.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  65. Diluvio L, Campione E, Paterno EJ, Mordenti C, El Hachem M, Chimenti S. Childhood nail psoriasis: a useful treatment with tazarotene 0.05%. Pediatr Dermatol. 2007;24(3):332–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Young LS, Arbuckle HA, Morelli JG. Onychomycosis in the Denver pediatrics population, a retrospective study. Pediatr Dermatol. 2014;31(1):106–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Friedlander SF, Chan YC, Chan YH, Eichenfield LF. Onychomycosis does not always require systemic treatment for cure: a trial using topical therapy. Pediatr Dermatol. 2013;30(3):316–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Tosti A, Piraccini BM, Vincenzi C, Cameli N. Itraconazole in the treatment of two young brothers with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. Pediatr Dermatol. 1997;14(2):146–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Cooper C, Arva NC, Lee C, Yelamos O, Obregon R, Sholl LM, et al. A clinical, histopathologic, and outcome study of melanonychia striata in childhood. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2015;72(5):773–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Bonamonte D, Arpaia N, Cimmino A, Vestita M. In situ melanoma of the nail unit presenting as a rapid growing longitudinal melanonychia in a 9-year-old white boy. Dermatol Surg. 2014;40(10):1154–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Tosti A, Baran R, Piraccini BM, Cameli N, Fanti PA. Nail matrix nevi: a clinical and histopathologic study of twenty-two patients. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1996;34(5 Pt 1):765–71.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Micali G, Dall’Oglio F, Nasca MR. An open label evaluation of the efficacy of imiquimod 5% cream in the treatment of recalcitrant subungual and periungual cutaneous warts. J Dermatolog Treat. 2003;14(4):233–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Upitis JA, Krol A. The use of diphenylcyclopropenone in the treatment of recalcitrant warts. J Cutan Med Surg. 2002;6(3):214–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Tosti A, Piraccini BM. Warts of the nail unit: surgical and nonsurgical approaches. Dermatol Surg. 2001;27(3):235–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Baran R, Richert B. Common nail tumors. Dermatol Clin. 2006;24(3):297–311.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Mazaira M, del Pozo LJ, Fernandez-Jorge B, Fernandez-Torres R, Martinez W, Fonseca E. Shave and phenolization of periungual fibromas, Koenen’s tumors, in a patient with tuberous sclerosis. Dermatol Surg. 2008;34(1):111–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Richert B, Lecerf P, Caucanas M, Andre J. Nail tumors. Clin Dermatol. 2013;31(5):602–17.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Piraccini BM, Alessandrini A. Drug-related nail disease. Clin Dermatol. 2013;31(5):618–26.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Calligaris L, Berti I. Subungual exostosis. J Pediatr. 2014;165(2):412.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Lokiec F, Ezra E, Krasin E, Keret D, Wientroub S. A simple and efficient surgical technique for subungual exostosis. J Pediatr Orthop. 2001;21(1):76–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Fine JD, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Eady RA, Bauer EA, Bauer JW, Has C, et al. Inherited epidermolysis bullosa: updated recommendations on diagnosis and classification. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014;70(6):1103–26.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Cameli N, Picardo M, Pisani A, Ortonne JP, Tosti A. Characterization of the nail matrix basement membrane zone: an immunohistochemical study of normal nails and of the nails in Herlitz junctional epidemolysis bullosa. Br J Dermatol. 1996;134(1):182–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Eliason MJ, Leachman SA, Feng BJ, Schwartz ME, Hansen CD. A review of the clinical phenotype of 254 patients with genetically confirmed pachyonychia congenita. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2012;67(4):680–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. McLean WH, Hansen CD, Eliason MJ, Smith FJ. The phenotypic and molecular genetic features of pachyonychia congenita. J Invest Dermatol. 2011;131(5):1015–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Wallis T, Poole CD, Hoggart B. Can skin disease cause neuropathic pain? A study in pachyonychia congenita. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  86. Forslind B, Nylen B, Swanbeck G, Thyresson M, Thyresson N. Pachyonychia congenita. A histologic and microradiographic study. Acta Derm Venereol. 1973;53(3):211–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Thomsen RJ, Zuehlke RL, Beckman BI. Pachyonychia congenita: surgical management of the nail changes. J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 1982;8(1):24–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. El-Darouti MA, Marzouk SA, Nabil N, Abdel-Halim MR, El-Komy MH, Abdel-Latif M. Pachyonychia congenita: treatment of the thickened nails and palmoplantar circumscribed callosities with urea 40% paste. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2006;20(5):615–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Rohold AE, Brandrup F. Pachyonychia congenita: therapeutic and immunologic aspects. Pediatr Dermatol. 1990;7(4):307–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Bessler M, Wilson DB, Mason PJ. Dyskeratosis congenita. FEBS Lett. 2010;584(17):3831–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  91. Walne AJ, Dokal I. Advances in the understanding of dyskeratosis congenita. Br J Haematol. 2009;145(2):164–72.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  92. Dessart P, Deries X, Guerin-Moreau M, Troussier F, Martin L. Yellow nail syndrome: two pediatric case reports. Ann Dermatol Venereol. 2014;141(10):611–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. DeCoste SD, Imber MJ, Baden HP. Yellow nail syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1990;22(4):608–11.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Magid M, Esterly NB, Prendiville J, Fujisaki C. The yellow nail syndrome in an 8-year-old girl. Pediatr Dermatol. 1987;4(2):90–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Cecchini M, Doumit J, Kanigsberg N. Atypical presentation of congenital yellow nail syndrome in a 2-year-old female. J Cutan Med Surg. 2013;17(1):66–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Schneider SL, Tosti A. Tips to diagnose uncommon nail disorders. Dermatol Clin. 2015;33(2):197–205.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Munro CS. The phenotype of Darier’s disease: penetrance and expressivity in adults and children. Br J Dermatol. 1992;127(2):126–30.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Burge SM, Wilkinson JD. Darier-White disease: a review of the clinical features in 163 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1992;27(1):40–50.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Zaias N, Ackerman AB. The nail in Darier-White disease. Arch Dermatol. 1973;107(2):193–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Mascaro JM, Palou J, Vives P. Painful subungual keratotic tumors in incontinentia pigmenti. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1985;13(5 Pt 2):913–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Kopf AW. Multiple keratoacanthomas. Arch Dermatol. 1971;103(5):543–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Baran R, Goettmann S. Distal digital keratoacanthoma: a report of 12 cases and a review of the literature. Br J Dermatol. 1998;139(3):512–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Montes CM, Maize JC, Guerry-Force ML. Incontinentia pigmenti with painful subungual tumors: a two-generation study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2004;50(2 Suppl):S45–52.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Mahmoud BH, Zembowicz A, Fisher E. Controversies over subungual tumors in incontinentia pigmenti. Dermatol Surg. 2014;40(10):1157–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Pena ZG, Brewer JD. Multiple subungual squamous cell carcinomas in a patient with incontinentia pigmenti. Dermatol Surg. 2014;40(10):1159–61.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA

    Jane Sanders Bellet

Authors
  1. Jane Sanders Bellet
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jane Sanders Bellet .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Adam I. Rubin

  2. Brown University, Providence, RI, USA

    Nathaniel J. Jellinek

  3. Department of Dermatology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA

    C. Ralph Daniel III

  4. Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA

    Richard K. Scher

20.1 Electronic Supplementary Materials

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bellet, J.S. (2018). Pediatric Nail Disorders and Selected Genodermatoses with Nail Findings. In: Rubin, A.I., Jellinek, N.J., Daniel, C.R., Scher, R.K. (eds) Scher and Daniel’s Nails. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65649-6_20

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65649-6_20

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-65647-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-65649-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation