Abstract
In this chapter we continue the analysis begun in Chap. 4 involving a description of the symbolic universe implied by the EU’s Europe 2020 strategy. However, we extend the analysis of the European Union (EU) from its growth, innovation and trade policy to cover its security strategy, to obtain a better picture of how the union sees its position in the world. We then construct the symbolic universes of the USA and China on the basis of similar material, and compare the symbolic universes of the three powers to each other.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Notes
- 1.
Also note, as stated in a note to Table 2.1, that GDP at the official exchange rate substantially understates the actual level of China because its exchange rate is determined by fiat rather than by market forces. The purchasing power parity (PPP)-corrected GDP figures therefore give a more realistic picture, and show that in many senses China is already an economic giant, bigger than either the USA or the EU.
- 2.
There are two other reasons for excluding Russia from our analysis. First, the analysis is based on the premise that the governing bodies of the political whole in question take their policy documents seriously. This has been the case so far in all three countries included in the comparison (even if this could be changing temporarily in Trump’s USA) . This does not seem to be so in Russia, where policy documents come and go without much coherence in their succession and without any apparent force to bind the actual political choices of the Russian state. Second, neither of the authors has a command of the Russian language, and good English translations of Russian policy documents are not always available.
Bibliography
China 13th Five-Year Plan. 2016. The 13th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development of The People’s Republic of China. Central Compilation & Translation Press. http://en.ndrc.gov.cn/newsrelease/201612/P020161207645765233498.pdf. Accessed 22 Apr 2017.
European Commission. 2010. EUROPE 2020. A Strategy for Smart, Sustainable and Inclusive Growth, Communication from the Commission, COM (2010) 2020 Final. Brussels, March 3.
European Council. 2000. The Lisbon Strategy. Presidency Conclusions, Lisbon, March 23 and 24.
———. 2003. A Secure Europe in a Better World: European Security Strategy, Brussels, December 12.
European Union Foreign and Security Policy. 2016. Shared Vision, Common Action: A Stronger Europe. A Global Strategy for the European Union’s Foreign and Security Policy, June. http://eeas.europa.eu/archives/docs/top_stories/pdf/eugs_review_web.pdf. Accessed 13 June 2017.
Friedman, G. 2009. The Next 100 Years. A Forecast for the 21st Century. London: Allison & Busby Limited.
Hale, T., D. Held, and K. Young. 2013. Gridlock. Why Global Governance Is Faltering When We Need It Most? Cambridge: Polity.
Mann, M. 2003. Incoherent Empire. London: Verso.
———. 2013. The Sources of Social Power: Volume 4, Globalizations, 1945–2011. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
PoliticoMagazine. 2017. Where in the World Is the U.S. Military?. http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2015/06/us-military-bases-around-the-world-119321. Accessed 20 Mar 2017.
Strategy for American Innovation. 2009. Executive Office of the President, National Economic Council, Office of Science and Technology Policy: A Strategy for American Innovation: Driving Towards Sustainable Growth and Quality Jobs, September.
———. 2011. National Economic Council, Council of Economic Advisers, and Office of Science and Technology Policy: A Strategy for American Innovation, Securing Our Economic Growth and Prosperity, February. https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/uploads/InnovationStrategy.pdf. Accessed 13 June 2017.
US National Security Strategy. 2015. National Security Strategy, February 2015. https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/docs/2015_national_security_strategy.pdf. Accessed 13 June 2017.
Varoufakis, Y. 2013. The Global Minotaur: America, Europe and the Future of Global Economy. London: Zed Books.
White Paper on China’s Armed Forces. 2013. The Diversified Employment of China’s Armed Forces. April 2013, The Information Office of the State Council, China’s Cabinet a White Paper on China’s Armed Forces. http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2013–04/16/c_132312681.htm. Accessed 24 Feb 2015.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Heiskala, R., Aro, J. (2018). Imperial Worldmaking: Innovation and Security in the EU Compared to the USA and China. In: Heiskala, R., Aro, J. (eds) Policy Design in the European Union. Palgrave Studies in European Political Sociology. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64849-1_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64849-1_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-64848-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-64849-1
eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)