Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Intercultural Cities pp 21–54Cite as

Palgrave Macmillan

What is an Intercultural City and How Does It Work?

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Global Diversities ((GLODIV))

Abstract

From an intercultural point of view, the real problem for cities is not the management of diversity, but the management of difference. Municipal administrations are in a particularly good position to respond to these challenges, but they also face significant obstacles, and no two cities are identical. In some ways, intercultural cities are no different from any other city, but in certain key aspects intercultural cities represent a new paradigm for inclusion and social cohesion. In order to understand how intercultural cities function, it is necessary to examine the process by which intercultural policy frameworks are developed and implemented. Developing accurate tools for measuring intercultural policy is one of the major challenges faced by intercultural cities today, not only so that cities can measure their progress but also in order to show that intercultural policy is an effective means of reducing poverty and promoting social cohesion.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Bibliography

  • Ahmed, S. 2012. On Being Included: Racism and Diversity in Institutional Life. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, M. 2003. Local Policies Toward Migrants as an Expression of Host-Stranger Relations: A Proposed Typology. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 29 (3): 411–430.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Amin, A. 2012. Land of Strangers. London: Wiley Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barber, B. 2013. If Mayors Ruled the World: Dysfunctional Nations, Rising Cities. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barrett, M. 2013. Multiculturalism and Interculturalism: Similarities and Differences. Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bouchard, G. 2012. L’interculturalisme: un point de vue québécois. Montréal: Boréal.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burayidi, M.A. 2000. Tracking the Planning Profession: From Monistic Planning to Holistic Planning for a Multicultural Society. In Urban Planning in a Multicultural Society, ed. M.A. Burayidi, 37–52. London: Praeger.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2015. Cities and the Politics of Difference: Multiculturalism and Diversity in Urban Planning. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cantle, T. 2005. Community Cohesion: A New Framework for Race and Diversity. Basingstoke: Palgrave.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2012. Interculturalism: The New Era of Cohesion and Diversity. Basingstoke: Palgrave.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2015. Interculturalism: ‘Learning to Live in Diversity’. Ethnicities 16 (3): 471–479.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chiasson, G., and J. Koji. 2011. Québec Immigration Settlement Policy and Municipalities: Fine-Tuning a Provincial Template. In Immigrant Settlement Policy in Canadian Municipalities, ed. E. Tolley and R. Young, 148–191. Montreal: McGill-Queens Univ. Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • City of Barcelona. Barcelona Interculturality Plan, March 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  • Council of Europe. 2013. The Intercultural City Step by Step: Practical Guide for Applying the Urban Model of Intercultural Integration. Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2014. Evaluating the Performance and Impact of Intercultural Policies. Consulted on February 7, 2017. https://rm.coe.int/CoERMPublicCommonSearchServices/DisplayDCTMContent?documentId=09000016803009be

  • Cunningham, R. 2011. The Virtues of Urban Citizenship. City Culture and Society 2 (1): 35–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Emongo, L. 2008. Il était une fois la toile d’araignée. Propos sur quelques vertus du nœud. In La recherche scientifique et le développement en Afrique: Idée nomades, ed. S. Bell, 249–260. Paris: Karthala.

    Google Scholar 

  • Emongo, L., and B.W. White, eds. 2014. L’interculturel au Québec. Rencontres historiques et enjeux politiques. Montréal, QC: Presses de l’Université de Montréal.

    Google Scholar 

  • Euro-Cities. 2014. The ImpleMentoring Method: An Overview. City-to-City Mentoring, Helping Cities to Implement Change. Brussels, 8 pages.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fainstein, S. 2005. Diversity in Cities: Should We Want It? Can We Plan For It? Urban Affairs Review 41 (1, Sept.): 3–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Felder, M., S. Cattacin, L. Pignolo, P. Naegeli, and A. Monsutti. 2016. Connivences et antagonismes: Enquête sociologique dans six rues de Genève. Genève: Université de Genève (Sociograph: Sociological Research Studies, number 19), 201 pages.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fourot, A.-C. 2013. L’intégration des immigrants: cinquante ans d’action publique locale. Montréal, QC: Presses de l’Université de Montréal.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2015. “Bringing Cities Back In” To Canadian Political Science: Municipal, Public Policy and Immigration. Canadian Journal of Political Science 48 (2, June): 413–433.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frozzini, J. 2014. L’interculturalisme selon Gérard Bouchard. In L’interculturel au Québec. Rencontres historiques et enjeux politiques, ed. L. Emongo and B.W. White, 91–116. Montréal, QC: Presses de l’Université de Montréal.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gagnon, A.-G. 2009. Cities, Cultural Diversity and Political Change. In Facing Cultural Diversity, ed. A.-G. Gagnon and B. Jouve, 7–23. Lyon, France: Presses Universitaires de Lyon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Germain, A. 2013. Une ville inclusive est-elle une ville sans exclusion? Ou quand la diversité vivifie…ou fatigue. In Le développement d’institutions inclusives en contexte de diversité: recherche, formation, partenariat, ed. M. McAndrew, M. Potvin, and C. Borri-Anadon, 27–42. Québec City, QC: Presses de l’Université du Québec.

    Google Scholar 

  • Germain, A., and M. Alain. 2009. On the Virtues of Adhocracy: Managing Diversity in Metropolitan Montréal. In Facing Cultural Diversity, ed. A.-G. Gagnon and B. Jouve, 105–122. Lyon, France: Presses Universitaires de Lyon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Germain, A., F. Dansereau, F. Bernèche, C. Poirier, M. Alain, and J.-E. Gagnon. 2003. Les pratiques municipales de gestion de la diversité à Montréal. Montréal: INRS-Urbanisation, Culture et Société, 174 pages.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gimenez, C. 2005. Convivencia Conceptualización y sugerencias para la praxis. Puntos de vista, numéro 1. Madrid.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glick-Schiller, N., and A. Çaglar. 2008. Towards a Comparative Theory of Locality in Migration Studies: Migrant Incorporation and City Scale. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 35 (2): 177–202.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Good, K.R. 2005. Patterns of Politics in Canada’s Immigrant-Receiving Cities and Suburbs. Policy Studies 26 (3–4): 261–289.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2009. Municipalities and Multiculturalism: The Politics of Immigration in Toronto and Vancouver. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Gratton, D. 2009. L’Interculturel pour tous : une initiation à la communication pour le troisième millénaire. Montréal: Éditions Saint-Martin.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2012. Préoccupations et attentes en réadaptation physique dans des contextes pluralistes: vers un cadre théorique interculturel. Thèse de doctorat, Département d’anthropologie, L’Université de Montréal, Montréal.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guidikova, I. 2016. Intercultural Integration: A New Paradigm For Managing Diversity as an Advantage. In Interculturalism in Cities: Concept, Policy and Implementation, ed. Ricard Zapata-Barrero, 136–151. Cheltenham, England: Edward Elgar Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harwood, S.A., and S.S. Lee. 2015. Immigrant-Friendly Community Plans: Rustbelt Efforts to Attract and Retain Immigrants. In Cities and the Politics of Difference: Multiculturalism and Diversity in Urban Planning, ed. M.A. Burayidi, 236–262. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Häussermann, H. 2011. La fin de la ville européenne? In À nouveau la ville ? Un débat sur le retour de l'urbain, ed. S. Cattacin and A. Földhazi, 9–24. Genève: Université de Genève.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hepburn, E., and R. Zapata-Barrero. 2014. The Politics of Immigration in Multi-Level States: Governance and Political Parties. Basingstoke: Palgrave.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs, J. 1961. The Death and Life of Great American Cities. New York: Vintage Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jedwab, J. 2012. Introduction. Multiculturalism, Interculturalism and Cross-Cultural Understanding. Canadian Diversity 9 (2, Spring): 3–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khovanova-Rubicondo, K., and D. Pinelli. 2012. Evidence of the Economic and Social Advantages of the Intercultural Cities Approach: A Meta-analytic Assessment. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kymlicka, W. 2012. Comment on Meer and Modood. Journal of Intercultural Studies 33 (2, Apr.): 211–216.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Massana, M. 2017. Genèse et origines du modèle montréalais de ville interculturelle. In L’interculturel dans la cite: Épistémologies, interactions, systèmes, ed. B.W. White et al. Quebec City, QC: Anthropologie et sociétés.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meer, N., and T. Modood. 2011. How Does Interculturalism Contrast with Multiculturalism? Journal of Intercultural Studies 33 (2): 175–196.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meer, N., T. Modood, and R. Zapata-Barrero. 2016. Multiculturalism and Interculturalism: Debating the Dividing Lines. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nail, T. 2015. The Figure of the Migrant. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nichols, Walter, and Justus Uitermark. 2013. Post-Multicultural Cities: A Comparison of Minority Politics in Amsterdam and Los Angeles, 1970–2010. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 39 (10).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ouellet, F. 2002. L’éducation interculturelle et l’éducation à la citoyenneté: Quelques pistes pour s’orienter dans la diversité des conceptions. VEI Enjeux 129 (June): 146–167.

    Google Scholar 

  • Penninx, R., and M. Martiniello. 2004. Integration Processes and Policies: State of the Art and Lessons. In Citizenship in European Cities: Immigrants, Local Politics and Integration Policies, ed. R. Penninx, K. Kraal, M. Martiniello, and S. Vertovec, 139–163. New York: Ashgate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Penninx, R., K. Kraal, M. Martiniello, and S. Vertovec, dir. 2004. Citizenship in European Cities: Immigrants, Local Politics and Integration Policies. London: Ashgate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Poirier, C. 2004. The Management of Ethnic Diversity and Comparative City Governance in Canada. Canadian Political Science Association Annual Conference, 3 June. Winnipeg: University of Manitoba, 29 pages.

    Google Scholar 

  • Qadeer, M.A. 2016. Multicultural Cities: Toronto, New York and Los Angeles. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rocher, F., and B.W. White. 2014. L’interculturalisme québécois en contexte multiculturel canadien: Origines, critiques et politiques publiques. Montreal, QC: Institut de recherches en politiques publiques, 48 pages.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rubicondo, K. 2016. Quantitative Comparability Study of the ICC Index and the Quality of Life Data. Strasbourg: Council of Europe, 31 pages.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sandercock, L. 2000. When Strangers Become Neighbours: Managing Cities of Difference. Planning Theory & Practice 1 (1): 13–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2004. Sustaining Canada’s Multicultural Cities. Our Diverse Cities 1 (Spring): 153–158.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sassen, S. 1991. The Global City. New York, London, Tokyo. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schiller, M. 2015. Paradigmatic Pragmatism and the Politics of Diversity. Ethnic and Racial Studies 38 (7): 1120–1136.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scholten, P.W.A. 2013. Agenda Dynamics and the Multi-level Governance of Intractable Policy Controversies: The Case of Migrant Integration Policies in the Netherlands. Policy Sciences 46 (3): 217–236.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simmel, G. 1964. The Sociology of Georg Simmel. Translated and edited by Kurt H. Wolff. New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, C. 2012. Interculturalism or Multiculturalism? Philosophy and Social Criticism 38 (4–5): 413–424.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tolley, E., and R. Young. 2011. Immigrant Settlement Policy in Canadian Municipalities. Montreal: McGill-Queens University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tossutti, L.S. 2012. Municipal Roles in Immigrant Settlement, Integration and Cultural Diversity. Canadian Journal of Political Science 45 (3): 607–633.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Uitermark, J., U. Rossi, and H. Van Houtum. 2005. Reinventing Multiculturalism: Urban Citizenship and the Negotiation of Ethnic Diversity in Amsterdam. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 29 (3, Sept.): 622–640.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vertovec, S. 2014. Super-diversity. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vertovec, S., and S. Wessendorf, eds. 2010. The Multiculturalism Backlash : European Discourses, Policies and Practices. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vibert, F. 2014. Future and Relevance of Accountability Studies. In The Oxford Handbook of Public Accountability, ed. M. Bovens, R.E. Goodin, and T. Schillemans. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, A. 2016. Measuring Intercultural Policies: The Example of the Intercultural Cities Index. In Interculturalism in Cities: Concept, Policy and Implementation, ed. Ricard Zapata-Barrero, 115–135. Cheltenham, England: Edward Elgar Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weber, M. 1958. The City. Translated and edited by Don Martindale and Gertrud Neuwirth. New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, B.W. 2013. Contre la diversité. Tic Art Toc, novembre, pp. 44–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2014. Quel métier pour l’interculturalisme? In L’interculturel au Québec. Rencontres historiques et enjeux politiques, ed. L. Emongo and B.W. White, 21–44. Montréal, QC: Presses de l’Université de Montréal.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2017. Pensée pluraliste dans la cité: L’action interculturelle à Montréal. Anthropologies et sociétés 41 (3).

    Google Scholar 

  • White, B.W., and D. Côté. 2017. Systemic Thinking in a World of Anxiety. Unpublished manuscript.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, B.W., D. Gratton, and F. Rocher. 2015. Les conditions de l’inclusion en contexte interculturel. Mémoire présenté à la Commission des relations avec les citoyens, Ministère de l’immigration, de la diversité et de l’inclusion.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wood, P. 2010. Intercultural Cities: Towards a Model for Intercultural Integration. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2016. Meet Me on the Corner? Shaping the Conditions for Cross-Cultural Interaction in Urban Public Space. In Interculturalism in Cities: Concept, Policy and Implementation, ed. Ricard Zapata-Barrero, 53–75. Cheltenham, England: Edward Elgar Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wood, P., and C. Landry. 2008. The Intercultural City: Planning for Diversity Advantage. London: Earthscan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zapata-Barrero, R. 2015a. Introduction: Framing the Intercultural Turn. In Interculturalism in Cities: Concept, Policy and Implementation, ed. Ricard Zapata-Barrero, viii–vxvi. Cheltenham, England: Edward Elgar Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2015b. Interculturalism: Main Hypothesis, Theories and Strands. In Interculturalism in Cities: Concept, Policy and Implementation, ed. Ricard Zapata-Barrero, 3–19. Cheltenham, England: Edward Elgar Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada

    Bob W. White

Authors
  1. Bob W. White
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Anthropology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada

    Bob W. White

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

White, B.W. (2018). What is an Intercultural City and How Does It Work?. In: White, B. (eds) Intercultural Cities. Global Diversities. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62603-1_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation