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Evolution of Molecular Investigations on Sturgeon Sex Determination and Most Recent Developments in DNA Methylation with a Focus on the Siberian Sturgeon

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The Siberian Sturgeon (Acipenser baerii, Brandt, 1869) Volume 1 - Biology

Abstract

Sturgeon aquaculture is largely based around females due to caviar production. In the absence of sexual dimorphism and differentiated gonads in juveniles, the gender sorting of sturgeon is carried out at about 2–3 years old depending on rearing conditions, which increases farming costs. Identification of a molecular sex determination mechanism or of a molecular sex marker could lead to earlier sex identification. For decades scientists have developed different methods and approaches to identify a way in which sturgeon can be sexed. In this chapter we gather together the different approaches employed: heterogametic sex chromosome identification, random identification of molecular polymorphisms, transcriptome sequencing, and targeting sequences of interest. We have included our own results from juvenile and adult Siberian sturgeon on the inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) with the support of hierarchical cluster analysis and on the expression of genes known to be involved in sex differentiation, Foxl2, So9, Igf1, and Fgf9. To date, no sex marker has been identified following these methods. We also present the advantages of DNA methylation to assess gene expression regulation, which opens up new perspectives in sex determination and differentiation research in fish. The first investigation of DNA methylation of DMRT1 using MS-HRM technology in sturgeon will conclude this chapter.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the Ecloserie de Guyenne, the Prunier Manufacture Company, and the Sources du Gapeau for generously providing sturgeon and O. Brunel and P. Benoit from the Sturgeon SCEA Company for their help. We also thank the Sturgeon SCEA Company and the region PACA who funded this study; L. Jaffrelot, E. Macarry, R. Ciarlo, and M. Lechable for the help with laboratory analyses; and A. Smith for the English corrections.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire Protee, Equipe de Biologie Moléculaire Marine, Université de Toulon. Campus de la Garde, CS 60584-83041, Toulon Cedex 9, France

    Rémy Simide

  2. Institut océanographique Paul Ricard. Ile des Embiez, 83140, Six Fours Les Plages, France

    Rémy Simide

  3. Laboratoire Protee, Plateforme BioTechServices, Université de Toulon. Campus de la Garde, CS 60584-83041, Toulon Cedex 9, France

    Sandrine Gaillard

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  1. Rémy Simide
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Correspondence to Rémy Simide .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Audenge, France

    Patrick Williot

  2. La Teste de Buch, France

    Guy Nonnotte

  3. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay

    Denise Vizziano-Cantonnet

  4. Kuban State University, Krasnodar, Krasnodar Territory, Russia

    Mikhail Chebanov

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Simide, R., Gaillard, S. (2018). Evolution of Molecular Investigations on Sturgeon Sex Determination and Most Recent Developments in DNA Methylation with a Focus on the Siberian Sturgeon. In: Williot, P., Nonnotte, G., Vizziano-Cantonnet, D., Chebanov, M. (eds) The Siberian Sturgeon (Acipenser baerii, Brandt, 1869) Volume 1 - Biology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61664-3_5

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