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Nipple-Areolar Complex Reconstruction pp 155–160Cite as

Hyperkeratosis of the Nipple and Areola

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Abstract

Hyperkeratosis of the nipple and areola (HNA) is a rare, benign, and asymptomatic disorder of the nipple-areola complex. The author discusses the history of hyperkeratosis of the nipple-areola complex (NAC), classification, etiology, pathology, association with mycosis fungoides, mucocutaneous candidiasis, graft versus host disease, and syringocystadenoma papilliferum.

The lesions present as verrucous thickening with brown pigmentation of the nipple-areola complex, and histologically, there is thickening and downward hyperplasia of the epidermis with filiform elongation of the rete ridges associated with papillary dermis expansion by sclerotic collagen bundles and scattered inflammatory cells. Demographic findings, clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, histopathologic changes, and treatment are described.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Dermatopathology and Faculty of Medicine, Razi Skin Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Alireza Ghanadan M.D.

  2. Department of Pathology and Faculty of Medicine, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medial Sciences, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran, Iran

    Alireza Ghanadan M.D.

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  1. Alireza Ghanadan M.D.
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Correspondence to Alireza Ghanadan M.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Private Practice, Tustin, California, USA

    Melvin A. Shiffman

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Ghanadan, A. (2018). Hyperkeratosis of the Nipple and Areola. In: Shiffman, M. (eds) Nipple-Areolar Complex Reconstruction. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60925-6_17

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60925-6_17

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