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Human Immunodeficiency Virus

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Abstract

The human immunodeficiency virus affects 37 million individuals, including 17.8 million women, worldwide. Currently, one out of every four patients living with HIV in the United States is a woman, with minority women affected disproportionately. Without treatment, an estimated 25% of children born to HIV-infected women will become infected. This chapter reviews obstetric strategies to reduce mother-to-child transmission in the peripartum period, as well as analgesic and anesthetic management options for HIV-infected women during labor and delivery (vaginal or cesarean). It also reviews treatment options for post-dural puncture headache and strategies to optimize health-care worker safety when providing care for HIV-infected individuals.

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Abbreviations

ADP:

Accidental dural puncture

ART:

Antiretroviral therapy

AZT:

Zidovudine

CNS:

Central nervous system

CSE:

Combined spinal-epidural

CSF:

Cerebrospinal fluid

EBP:

Epidural blood patch

EFV:

Efavirenz

FIs:

Fusion inhibitors

HAART:

Highly active antiretroviral therapy

HCW:

Health-care worker

HIV:

Human immunodeficiency virus

INSTIs:

Integrase strand transfer inhibitors

ITP:

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura

LFTs:

Liver function tests

MAC:

Mycobacterium avium complex

MTCT:

Maternal-to-child transmission

NNRTIs:

Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

NRTIs:

Nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors

PCP:

P. carinii pneumonia

PDPH:

Post-dural puncture headache

PIs:

Protease inhibitors

SJS:

Stevens-Johnson syndrome

TB:

Tuberculosis

ZDV:

Zidovudine

References

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anesthesiology, Preoperative Care, and Pain Medicine, NYU Langone Hospital – Brooklyn, Brooklyn, NY, USA

    Roulhac D. Toledano M.D., Ph.D.

Authors
  1. Roulhac D. Toledano M.D., Ph.D.
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Associate Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA

    Suzanne K. W. Mankowitz

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Toledano, R.D. (2018). Human Immunodeficiency Virus. In: Mankowitz, S. (eds) Consults in Obstetric Anesthesiology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59680-8_80

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59680-8_80

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-59679-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-59680-8

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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