Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus affects 37 million individuals, including 17.8 million women, worldwide. Currently, one out of every four patients living with HIV in the United States is a woman, with minority women affected disproportionately. Without treatment, an estimated 25% of children born to HIV-infected women will become infected. This chapter reviews obstetric strategies to reduce mother-to-child transmission in the peripartum period, as well as analgesic and anesthetic management options for HIV-infected women during labor and delivery (vaginal or cesarean). It also reviews treatment options for post-dural puncture headache and strategies to optimize health-care worker safety when providing care for HIV-infected individuals.
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Abbreviations
- ADP:
-
Accidental dural puncture
- ART:
-
Antiretroviral therapy
- AZT:
-
Zidovudine
- CNS:
-
Central nervous system
- CSE:
-
Combined spinal-epidural
- CSF:
-
Cerebrospinal fluid
- EBP:
-
Epidural blood patch
- EFV:
-
Efavirenz
- FIs:
-
Fusion inhibitors
- HAART:
-
Highly active antiretroviral therapy
- HCW:
-
Health-care worker
- HIV:
-
Human immunodeficiency virus
- INSTIs:
-
Integrase strand transfer inhibitors
- ITP:
-
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura
- LFTs:
-
Liver function tests
- MAC:
-
Mycobacterium avium complex
- MTCT:
-
Maternal-to-child transmission
- NNRTIs:
-
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
- NRTIs:
-
Nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors
- PCP:
-
P. carinii pneumonia
- PDPH:
-
Post-dural puncture headache
- PIs:
-
Protease inhibitors
- SJS:
-
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
- TB:
-
Tuberculosis
- ZDV:
-
Zidovudine
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Toledano, R.D. (2018). Human Immunodeficiency Virus. In: Mankowitz, S. (eds) Consults in Obstetric Anesthesiology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59680-8_80
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59680-8_80
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