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Utilization of Peptide Reactivity Assays for the Prediction of Skin Sensitization

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Alternatives for Dermal Toxicity Testing

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Abstract

Due to the current ban on animal testing, the need for robust and reliable animal alternative test methods is critical. Reactivity of chemical allergens with proteins has long been established as a key step in induction of skin sensitization. Based on this, two in chemico approaches have been developed: the Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay (DPRA) and the Peroxidase Peptide Reactivity Assay (PPRA). Both assays utilize synthetic peptides which contain either a single cysteine or lysine amino acid as its nucleophilic center for assessing skin sensitization potential of chemicals. Chemical reactivity is determined by using analytical methods to measure the depletion of free peptide following a 24-h incubation of test chemical and peptide. By comparing reactivity data to local lymph node assay data, prediction models have been developed for both assays. These models allow for making hazard predictions and binning a chemical into reactivity categories. The DPRA has been thoroughly evaluated for its reproducibility, transferability, and accuracy under formal validation studies. The PPRA has not yet reached validated status but is undergoing interlaboratory evaluation. Although showing good correlation to established animal models, the data obtained from both of these assays should be considered in combination with other information in the context of integrated approaches such as weight of evidence or integrated testing strategies.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Procter and Gamble Company, Mason Business Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45040, USA

    G. Frank Gerberick, John A. Troutman & Leslie M. Foertsch

  2. The Procter and Gamble Company, Beijing Innovation Center, Beijing, China

    Petra S. Kern

Authors
  1. G. Frank Gerberick
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  2. John A. Troutman
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  3. Leslie M. Foertsch
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  4. Petra S. Kern
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to G. Frank Gerberick .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. SeCAM, Magliaso, Switzerland

    Chantra Eskes

  2. Innovitox Consulting & Services, Houten, The Netherlands

    Erwin van Vliet

  3. Department of Dermatology, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA

    Howard I. Maibach

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Gerberick, G.F., Troutman, J.A., Foertsch, L.M., Kern, P.S. (2017). Utilization of Peptide Reactivity Assays for the Prediction of Skin Sensitization. In: Eskes, C., van Vliet, E., Maibach, H. (eds) Alternatives for Dermal Toxicity Testing. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50353-0_16

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50353-0_16

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-50351-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-50353-0

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