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Normal Values

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Book cover Pediatric Urogenital Radiology

Part of the book series: Medical Radiology ((Med Radiol Diagn Imaging))

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Abstract

Correct interpretation of different data in disease states requires comparison with data obtained in a normal situation. This is valid especially during childhood as, for example, a given value may be normal for an adolescent but is pathologic for an infant. Selected data important for daily routine are discussed in this chapter. For some data, the reader is referred to other chapters of this book. Comments are added where appropriate. However, as intrinsically with all measurements, they always have to be seen in the individual context taking variability and assessment restrictions into consideration; calculating mean values from several measurements will help to reduce errors. A properly standardized initial technique however is mandatory, though even this approach may reveal some variance of measurements taken from the same object during the same investigation (e.g., sonographically measured kidney length, particularly if taken from different access or positions).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics, University Hospital Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 30, A-8036, Graz, Austria

    Ekkehard Ring MD (Retired)

  2. Section of Paediatric Radiology, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, D-07740, Jena, Germany

    Hans-Joachim Mentzel MD

  3. Department of Radiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology, University Hospital Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 34, A-8036, Graz, Austria

    Michael Riccabona MD

Authors
  1. Ekkehard Ring MD (Retired)
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  2. Hans-Joachim Mentzel MD
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  3. Michael Riccabona MD
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Correspondence to Michael Riccabona MD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Pediatric Radiology, University Hospital, LKH Graz, Graz, Austria

    Michael Riccabona

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Ring, E., Mentzel, HJ., Riccabona, M. (2018). Normal Values. In: Riccabona, M. (eds) Pediatric Urogenital Radiology. Medical Radiology(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39202-8_40

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39202-8_40

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-39200-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-39202-8

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