Abstract
Quantum computing is currently considered to be a new type of computing model that has a subversive impact on the future. Based on its leading information and communication technology advantages, IBM launched IBM Q Experience cloud service platform, and achieved phased research results in the quantum simulator and programming framework. In this paper, we propose a quantum solution for the 3-SAT problem, which includes three steps: constructing the initial state, computing the unitary \(U_f\) implementing the black-box function f and performing the inversion about the average. In addition, the corresponding experimental verification for an instance of the Exactly-1 3-SAT problem with QISKit, which can connect to IBM Q remotely, is depicted. The experimental result not only show the feasibility of the quantum solution, but also serve to evaluate the functionality of IBM Q devices.
J. Chen—This work is supported by Science and Technology Project of NRGD Quantum Technology Co., Ltd., “Research on Power Quantum Security Service Platform and Key Technologies of Multi-mode Access”.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Feynman, R.P.: Simulating physics with computers. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 21, 467–488 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02650179
Deutsch, D., Jozsa, R.: Rapid solution of problems by quantum computation. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A (Math. Phys. Sci.) 439(1907), 553–558 (1992)
Shor, P.W.: Polynomial-time algorithms for prime factorization and discrete logarithms on a quantum computer. SIAM Rev. 41(2), 303–332 (1999)
Grover, L.K.: A fast quantum mechanical algorithm for database search. In: Proceedings of ACM Symposium on the Theory of Computing, pp. 212–219 (1996)
Liu, Z.-H., Chen, H.-W., Xu, J., Liu, W.-J., Li, Z.-Q.: High-dimensional deterministic multiparty quantum secret sharing without unitary operations. Quantum Inf. Process. 11(6), 1785–1795 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-011-0333-z
Chen, X.B., Tang, X., Xu, G., Dou, Z., Chen, Y.L., Yang, Y.X.: Cryptanalysis of secret sharing with a single d-level quantum system. Quantum Inf. Process. 17(9), 225 (2018)
Huang, W., Su, Q., Liu, B., He, Y.H., Fan, F., Xu, B.J.: Efficient multiparty quantum key agreement with collective detection. Sci. Rep. 7(1), 15264 (2017)
Liu, W.J., Xu, Y., Yang, C.N., Gao, P.P., Yu, W.B.: An efficient and secure arbitrary N-party quantum key agreement protocol using bell states. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 57(1), 195–207 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-017-3553-x
Liu, W.J., Chen, H.W., Li, Z.Q., Liu, Z.H.: Efficient quantum secure direct communication with authentication. Chin. Phys. Lett. 25(7), 2354–2357 (2008)
Liu, W.J., Chen, H.W., Ma, T.H., Li, Z.Q., Liu, Z.H., Hu, W.B.: An efficient deterministic secure quantum communication scheme based on cluster states and identity authentication. Chin. Phys. B 18(10), 4105–4109 (2009)
Xu, G., Chen, X.-B., Li, J., Wang, C., Yang, Y.-X., Li, Z.: Network coding for quantum cooperative multicast. Quantum Inf. Process. 14(11), 4297–4322 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-015-1098-6
Liu, W., Liu, C., Wang, H., Jia, T.: Quantum private comparison: a review. IETE Tech. Rev. 30(5), 439–445 (2013)
Liu, W.J., Liu, C., Liu, Z.H., Liu, J.F., Geng, H.T.: Same initial states attack in Yang et al.’s quantum private comparison protocol and the improvement. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 53(1), 271–276 (2014)
Liu, W.J., Liu, C., Chen, H.W., Li, Z.Q., Liu, Z.H.: Cryptanalysis and improvement of quantum private comparison protocol based on bell entangled states. Commun. Theor. Phys. 62(2), 210–214 (2014)
Liu, W.-J., Liu, C., Wang, H., Liu, J.-F., Wang, F., Yuan, X.-M.: Secure quantum private comparison of equality based on asymmetric W state. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 53(6), 1804–1813 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-013-1979-3
Liu, W.-J., et al.: Multiparty quantum sealed-bid auction using single photons as message carrier. Quantum Inf. Process. 15(2), 869–879 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-015-1202-y
Liu, W.J., Wang, F., Ji, S., Qu, Z.G., Wang, X.J.: Attacks and improvement of quantum sealed-bid auction with EPR pairs. Commun. Theor. Phys. 61(6), 686–690 (2014)
Liu, W.J., Chen, Z.-F., Liu, C., Zheng, Y.: Improved deterministic N-to-one joint remote preparation of an arbitrary qubit via EPR pairs. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 54(2), 472–483 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-014-2241-3
Chen, X.-B., Sun, Y.-R., Xu, G., Jia, H.-Y., Qu, Z., Yang, Y.-X.: Controlled bidirectional remote preparation of three-qubit state. Quantum Inf. Process. 16(10), 1–29 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-017-1690-z
Qu, Z.G., Wu, S.Y., Wang, M.M., Sun, L., Wang, X.J.: Effect of quantum noise on deterministic remote state preparation of an arbitrary two-particle state via various quantum entangled channels. Quantum Inf. Process. 16(306), 1–25 (2017)
Wang, M.M., Yang, C., Mousoli, R.: Controlled cyclic remote state preparation of arbitrary qubit states. CMC-Comput. Mater. Continua 55(2), 321–329 (2018)
Qu, Z., Cheng, Z., Liu, W., Wang, X.: A novel quantum image steganography algorithm based on exploiting modification direction. Multimedia Tools Appl. 78(7), 7981–8001 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-018-6476-5
Qu, Z., Chen, S., Ji, S., Ma, S., Wang, X.: Anti-noise bidirectional quantum steganography protocol with large payload. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 57(6), 1903–1927 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-018-3716-4
Qu, Z.G., Zhu, T.C., Wang, J.W., Wang, X.J.: A novel quantum stegonagraphy based on brown states. CMC-Comput. Mater. Continua 56(1), 47–59 (2018)
Liu, W.-J., Chen, Z.-Y., Ji, S., Wang, H.-B., Zhang, J.: Multi-party semi-quantum key agreement with delegating quantum computation. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 56(10), 3164–3174 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-017-3484-6
Liu, W.J., Chen, Z.Y., Liu, J.S., Su, Z.F., Chi, L.H.: Full-blind delegating private quantum computation. CMC-Comput. Mater. Continua 56(2), 211–223 (2018)
Lloyd, S., Mohseni, M., Rebentrost, P.: Quantum algorithms for supervised and unsupervised machine learning. eprint arXiv (2013)
Liu, W.-J., Gao, P.-P., Yu, W.-B., Qu, Z.-G., Yang, C.-N.: Quantum relief algorithm. Quantum Inf. Process. 17(10), 1–15 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-018-2048-x
QISKit: Open Source Quantum Information Science Kit. https://qiskit.org/. Accessed 12 Apr 2018
IBM quantum computing platform. https://www.research.ibm.com/ibm-q/. Accessed 11 Apr 2017
Nielsen, M.A., Chuang, I.L.: Quantum Computation and Quantum Information, 10 Anniversary edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2011)
Garey, M.R., Johnson, D.S.: Computers and Intractability, vol. 29. W. H. Freeman and Company, New York (1972)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 ICST Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering
About this paper
Cite this paper
Zhang, Y., Bian, Yx., Fan, Q., Chen, J. (2020). Quantum Solution for the 3-SAT Problem Based on IBM Q. In: Zhang, X., Liu, G., Qiu, M., Xiang, W., Huang, T. (eds) Cloud Computing, Smart Grid and Innovative Frontiers in Telecommunications. CloudComp SmartGift 2019 2019. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, vol 322. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48513-9_33
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48513-9_33
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-48512-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-48513-9
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)