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Dark Tourism in Iceberg Alley: The Hidden Ecological Costs of Consuming Iceberg Deaths

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Criminal Anthroposcenes

Part of the book series: Palgrave Studies in Crime, Media and Culture ((PSCMC))

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Abstract

As a death row for icebergs, Iceberg Alley is a site where melting icebergs are transformed into nonhuman death spectacles for sightseeing tourists and into bottled luxury water for sophisticated consumers. By examining how vibrant, icy nonhumans are produced for and consumed by tourists, this chapter investigates iceberg consumption as an emerging criminal anthroposcene, one shaped by dark tourism, as well as a desire for natural purity. Off the coast of Newfoundland and Labrador, icebergs are hunted and devoured in ways that conceal the environmental costs of their cultural commodification, even as those costs are contributing to an escalation of the ecological harms on display.

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Change history

  • 09 March 2021

    This book was inadvertently published with incorrect authorship for each chapter. This has now been updated in all the chapters. The co-authored chapters now mirror the cover authorship, where ‘with’ is used rather than ‘and’ (as in Anita Lam with Matthew Tegelberg).

Notes

  1. 1.

    For example, Naremore (2008: 19) writes that The Set-Up (1949) ‘becomes a film noir in the sequence where accounts are settled by a savage beating in a blind alley.’ The alley, then, has been an integral part of representing crime in the city.

  2. 2.

    The last recovered corpse from the Titanic was returned by rescue ship to St. John’s, Newfoundland, in June 1912, as other relics, wood panelling and deck chairs continued to wash up on its coastline for months after the shipwreck. Consequently, St. John’s, Newfoundland, is home to ‘the Titanic story,’ an exhibit at the Johnson GEO Centre, among other important sites that make up ‘the Titanic trail,’ all of which have become a key source of attraction for tourists (for more details, see Rushby 2012).

  3. 3.

    As defined by Bigg and Billings (2014: 7), bergy bits refer to ‘bits’ of ice that have fallen off the main body of an iceberg, ranging in size from 1000 to 3000 square feet.

  4. 4.

    Rising surface temperatures and warmer Arctic ocean waters are among the variables that have led scientists to conclude that the Greenland ice sheet has been rapidly melting since the 1990s (Bigg et al. 2014; Chen et al. 2006; van den Broeke et al. 2009). As a result, more calving events are projected in the future, which would increase the subsequent discharge of icebergs from the Greenland ice sheet (Bigg and Billings 2014). This, in turn, will increase the frequency of iceberg sightings off the coast of Newfoundland and Labrador .

  5. 5.

    Notably, Timothy Morton has argued that the Anthropocene has produced a new kind of object: the hyperobject. To describe it, he compares it to an encounter in which ‘the Titanic of Modernity meets the iceberg of hyperobjects’ (Morton 2013: 14). Here, the iceberg appears as an exemplar of his conceptualization of hyperobject—an object so huge, and with such a temporal and spatial distribution, that it cannot be fully comprehended by current ways of thinking. It is striking how Morton mobilizes the Titanic’s iceberg in the name of reconceptualizing objects in the age of the Anthropocene.

  6. 6.

    According to a Visitor Exit Survey (Newfoundland and Labrador 2016b), 77% of visitors to Newfoundland and Labrador are older than the age of 45, 81% have at least a university degree, and 48% have household incomes of at least $100,000 (i.e., higher than average incomes).

  7. 7.

    To view round one of the Battle of the Bergs, as it played out on Iceberg Finder’s Instagram , please visit https://www.instagram.com/p/Byab7NBnrDo/ (accessed 9 January 2020)

  8. 8.

    The comparison is provided by the Environmental Protection Agency’s equivalency calculator, which can be found here: https://www.epa.gov/energy/greenhouse-gas-equivalencies-calculator

    This greenhouse gas equivalencies calculator helps users translate abstract measurements of CO2 emissions into concrete, everyday examples, such as the annual emissions generated by household appliances, cars and other common examples.

  9. 9.

    According to the National Hockey League’s Official Rules, a hockey rink should measure 60.96 metres long and 25.908 metres wide with a corner arc radius of 8.5344 metres. The total area of a hockey rink is roughly 1516.83 square metres.

  10. 10.

    The Province of Newfoundland and Labrador places a regulatory limit on the amount of iceberg water that can be harvested and commodified each year. For example, in its 2019 licensing agreement Berg Water was limited to a harvest of one million litres of iceberg water (Birkhold 2019).

  11. 11.

    For example, Luxury London hotel, Claridge’s, sells a 500 ml bottle of Berg for about £15. It sells in Europe for about 5 Euro. Berg also appears as the priciest luxury water on the water menu at Ray’s & Stark Bar (Ricchio 2013).

  12. 12.

    Similarly, Baudrillard (1988) argues that the system of consumption has a grammatical code, in which individual consumption choices serve as utterances that communicate individual identity and social status to others.

  13. 13.

    Berg Water (2019c) even distinguishes itself from the source of glacier water. While iceberg water is harvested directly from icebergs, glacier water is bottled after it melts at the glacier’s base as pools. As a result, glacier water comes into contact with the land and can be altered by potential ground contaminants.

  14. 14.

    As a local rival to Berg, Glace Rare Iceberg Water was so named by its native Newfoundlander founder, Ron Stamp, because ‘“Iceberg” is too masculine a sound. This is water your wife’s going to bug you to get because it matches the dishes’ (quoted in Zajac 2010). For Stamp, the French term for ‘ice’ not only evokes feminine softness in its articulation, but also domestic visions of a traditionally feminine housewife in the kitchen.

  15. 15.

    For example, the World Health Organization recommends that exposure to nitrate should not exceed 50 mg/l for short periods.

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  1. Department of Social Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Anita Lam & Matthew Tegelberg

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Lam, A., Tegelberg, M. (2020). Dark Tourism in Iceberg Alley: The Hidden Ecological Costs of Consuming Iceberg Deaths. In: Criminal Anthroposcenes. Palgrave Studies in Crime, Media and Culture. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46004-4_5

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