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Beyond Priority

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Abstract

On August 28, 1686, the manuscript of Newton’s Principia was presented to the Royal Society. The book was dedicated to the Society, and the fellows “were so very sensible of the Great Honour” that they considered printing the book at the Society’s expenses. According to Halley’s account, one fellow was less enthusiast than others about that “incomparable treatise.” “Mr Hooke,” Halley wrote to Newton, “has some pretentions upon the inventions of ye rule of the decrease of Gravity, being the square of the distances from the Center.” A controversy between the two men soon sparked. Hooke, on the one hand, acknowledged that only Newton successfully demonstrated how gravity leads to the elliptic orbits of planets. He claimed that Newton adopted “the notion” of the inverse square law from him, and expected to be mentioned in the preface of that “incomparable treatise.” Newton, on the other hand, refused that claim altogether. He countered that he knew the inverse square law long before he discussed it with Hooke, who probably had it from Wren and Borelli. For this reason, his name was mentioned in the System of the World along those of the other two scholars. Newton would concede nothing more.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Guicciardini (2018), 147.

  2. 2.

    Newton (1959–1977), vol. II, 431.

  3. 3.

    Ibid., vol. II, 433–7; Id. (1999), 452; Id, (1779–85), vol. I, 51.

  4. 4.

    Patterson (1949), 334; Id. (1950), 33–4.

  5. 5.

    Koyré (1968), 234–5, 253–4; see also Fiocca (1998), 52–7.

  6. 6.

    Trinity College Library, Cambridge, MS. 0.11a.1/16; cf. Pugliese (1989), 200.

  7. 7.

    Nauenberg (1994), 332; Id. (1998), 92; Id. (2005), 523; Id. (2006), 7–8.

  8. 8.

    Birch (1756–57), vol. IV, 347.

  9. 9.

    Erlichson (1997), 170–1, 182–3; Gal and Chen Morris (2006), 55.

  10. 10.

    Bennett (1989), 229; Lohne (1960), 19; Gal (2002), 9.

  11. 11.

    Newton (1756–77), vol. II, 313.

  12. 12.

    Hooke (1674), 28; Id. (1705), 185.

  13. 13.

    Newton (1956–77), vol. II, 437.

  14. 14.

    Bouillau (1645), 3–7, 21–4; Applebaum (1996), 460; Wilson (1970), 107.

  15. 15.

    Gal (2002), 169–70, 200–1; Id. (2005), 532; Gal and Chen Morris (2006), 50–4.

  16. 16.

    Borelli (1666), 32.

  17. 17.

    Hooke (1705), 114, 132.

  18. 18.

    Gal (2006), 45; Gal and Chen Morris (2005), 391–2, 397.

  19. 19.

    Newton (1956–77), vol. I: 297–303; Gal (2002), 171–2; Whiteside (1970), 10–1; Westfall (1971), 352, 358–60.

  20. 20.

    Guicciardini (2011), 62–4; Whiteside (1991), 20; Casini (1997), 204.

  21. 21.

    Newton (1777–85), vol. I, 453, 454–7; vol. II, 633–5, 791; Id. (1999), 784,786–8, 815–6, 939; see also Bertoloni Meli (2006a), 324–9; Westfall (1972a), 186–7; Ducheyne (2012), 120, 125.

  22. 22.

    Huygens (1888–1950), vol. XXI, 458, 471.

  23. 23.

    Gal (2002), 18; Guicciardini (2005), 512.

  24. 24.

    Bertoloni Meli (2006a), 219–20; Westfall (1972b), 485.

  25. 25.

    Birch (1756–57), vol. II, 188; Hooke (1705), 546.

  26. 26.

    Hooke (1678), 228, 247.

  27. 27.

    Id. (1674), 6.

  28. 28.

    Bertoloni Meli (2006a), 219–20; Westfall (1972b), 458; Westfall (1971), 268, 270–1; Ducheyne (2012), 147.

  29. 29.

    Koyré (1968), 232–3; Aiton (1972), 97.

  30. 30.

    Van Helden (1974), 56–7; see Hooke (1665), 246; Id. (1705), 85–6, 91–2.

  31. 31.

    Hooke (1705), 88, 177.

  32. 32.

    Newton (1956–77), vol. II, 446.

  33. 33.

    Guicciardini (2009), 27.

  34. 34.

    Trinity College Library, Cambridge, Ms. 0.11a.1/16.

  35. 35.

    For example Boas (1952), 521 and Janiak (2008), 6–7.

  36. 36.

    Henry (1992), 202–3; Machamer, McGuire, and Kochiras (2012), 374.

  37. 37.

    Newton (1962), 400–1.

  38. 38.

    Westfall (1971), 413; Home (1985), 107.

  39. 39.

    Cambridge University Library MS 3970, f. 473r.

  40. 40.

    Henry (1989), 156; Westfall (1983), 219.

  41. 41.

    Newton (1956–77), vol. I, 368; vol. II, 229.

  42. 42.

    Id. (1962), 407.

  43. 43.

    Henry (2011), 20.

  44. 44.

    Hall (1998), 56–7.

  45. 45.

    Henry (1986), 344.

  46. 46.

    Westfall (1970), 91; Id. (1971), 364.

  47. 47.

    Newton (1956–77), vol. I, 364–6.

  48. 48.

    Bertoloni Meli (2006b), 321, Guicciardini (2011), 129; Ducheyne (2012), 38.

  49. 49.

    Kochiras (2008), 39–41; Bertoloni Meli (2005), 539; Whiteside (1991), 21–2.

  50. 50.

    Westfall (1970), 93; Id. (1971), 426–30; Guicciardini (1998), 32.

  51. 51.

    Whiteside (1970), 13.

  52. 52.

    Newton (1956–77), vol. II, 307, 309.

  53. 53.

    Cambridge University Library MS 4004, f. 103r-v.

  54. 54.

    Newton (1955–77), vol. II, 337–8, 341; Guicciardini (2011), 129.

  55. 55.

    Cambridge University Library MS 3965, f. 613r; cf. Ruffner (2000), 262–3.

  56. 56.

    Whiteside (1970), 14.

  57. 57.

    Ducheyne (2014), 692–3; Kochiras (2009), 276.

  58. 58.

    Hall (1998), 59; Home (1993), 197–9.

  59. 59.

    Henry (1986), 348; Kochiras (2008), 134 n. 304.

  60. 60.

    Newton (1779–85), vol. IV, 224.

  61. 61.

    Ibid., 226–7; cf. Mamiani and Trucco (1991), 87–95.

  62. 62.

    Newton (1692), 256–7.

  63. 63.

    Newton (1779–85), vol. IV, 242–51.

  64. 64.

    Westfall (1971), 378.

  65. 65.

    Hauksbee (1706–07), 2223.

  66. 66.

    Westfall (1971), 348; Id. (1983), 746.

  67. 67.

    Newton (1962), 400.

  68. 68.

    Id. (1779–85), vol. IV, 251–63.

  69. 69.

    Westfall (1971), 384, 412 n.142.

  70. 70.

    Home (1981), 24, 32; Schofield (1970), 67.

  71. 71.

    Guerlac (1977), 108.

  72. 72.

    Id. (1967), 46–8; Id. (1977), 110, 117; Home (1985), 102.

  73. 73.

    Hauksbee (1719), 55–7, 238–9; cf. Heilbron (1979), 234, 237–8.

  74. 74.

    Hauksbee (1719), 99–100, 200–1, 202, 204, 208.

  75. 75.

    Cf. Newton (1959–77), vol. I, 416.

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  1. Humanities Department, CATS College, Canterbury, UK

    Francesco G. Sacco

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Sacco, F.G. (2020). Beyond Priority. In: Real, Mechanical, Experimental. International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées, vol 231. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44451-8_8

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