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Anthracycline-Induced Cardiotoxicity: Causes, Mechanisms, and Prevention

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Current Advances in Osteosarcoma

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1257))

Abstract

Doxorubicin is an anthracycline and one of the more effective chemotherapy agents used in the treatment of children, adolescents, and adults with osteosarcoma. Despite its effectiveness, cardiotoxicity is a major late effect that compromises the survival and quality of life of survivors of this and other cancers. Cardiotoxicity is the inability of the heart to pump blood through the body effectively. Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity is dose dependent. Additionally, the age of the patients plays a role in susceptibility with younger patients having a greater risk for cardiotoxicity and heart failure years after treatment is complete. The exact mechanism(s) responsible for doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity is poorly understood, and further research needs to be done to elucidate the mechanisms. This chapter summarizes the identified mechanisms that may play a role in anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. We will also summarize the types of cardiomyopathies that have been described in survivors treated with doxorubicin and the current recommendations for monitoring survivor for the development of cardiomyopathies. Included will be the important search for defining early biomarkers to identify patients and survivors at risk. Finally, we will summarize some of the interventions proposed for decreasing anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

    Anchit Bhagat & Eugenie S. Kleinerman

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  1. Anchit Bhagat
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  2. Eugenie S. Kleinerman
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Correspondence to Anchit Bhagat .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatric Research, Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

    Eugenie S. Kleinerman

  2. Division of Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

    Richard Gorlick

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Bhagat, A., Kleinerman, E.S. (2020). Anthracycline-Induced Cardiotoxicity: Causes, Mechanisms, and Prevention. In: Kleinerman, E.S., Gorlick, R. (eds) Current Advances in Osteosarcoma . Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1257. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43032-0_15

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