Abstract
The complexity of biological systems is recognized superficially, but there has been a tendency through reductionism to believe that fundamental understanding is achieved through examination of the smallest building blocks of life. There is steadily increasing understanding that looking at large populations particularly as the tools have become available to probe the underpinning rules of genetics and epigenetics will lead to a systematic understanding that may offer unique strategies for future disease therapy. Since the first edition of this book, many of the predictions with respect to unraveling the biological complexity through genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and proteomics have come to pass, and a host of new therapies particularly for rare diseases are under development.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Altshuler, D., Pollara, V., Cowles, C., Etten, W. V., & Baldwin, J. (2000). An SNP map of the human genome generated by reduced representation shotgun sequencing. Nature, 407, 513–516.
Anderson, R., & Francis, K. (2018). Modeling rare diseases with induced pluripotent stem cell technology. Molecular and Cellular Probes, 40, 52–59.
Anderson, R., & May, R. (1979). Population biology of infectious disease:Part I. Nature, 280, 361–367.
Berman, J. (2014). Rare diseases and orphan drug: Keys to understanding. Waltham, MA: Academic Press.
Boycott, K., Vanstone, M., Bulman, D., & MacKenzie, A. E. (2013). Rare-disease genetics in the era of next-generation sequencing: Discovery to translation. Nature Reviews Genetics, 14, 681–691.
Cole, S., Brosch, R., Parkhill, R., Garnier, T., & Churcher, C. (1998). Deciphering the biology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from the complete genome sequence. Nature, 393, 537–544.
Davis, A., Wiegers, T., King, B., Wiegers, J., Grondin, C., Sciaky, D., … Mattingly, C. (2016). Generating gene ontology-disease inferences to explore mechanisms of human disease at the comparative toxicogenomics database. PLoS One, 11(5), e0155530.
Dawkins, H., Draghia-Akli, R., Lasko, P., Lau, L., Jonker, A., Cutillo, C., … Austin, C. (2018). Progress in rare diseases research 2010-2016: An IRDiRC perspective. Clinical and Translational Science, 11(1), 11–20.
Dokoumoetzidis, A., & Macheras, P. (2006). A comment on “adverse drug reactions and avalanches: Life on the edge of chaos”. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 46(9), 1057–1058. (author reply 1059-1060).
Evans, W., & Relling, M. (2004). Moving toward individualizeed medicine with pharmacogenomics. Nature, 429, 464–468.
Frattarelli, D. (2005). Adverse drug reactions and avalanches: Life at the edge of chaos. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 45(8), 866–871.
Garone, C., & Viscomi, C. (2018). Towards a therapy for mitochondrial disease: An update. Biochemical Society Transactions, 46(5), 1247–1261.
Gatenby, R., & Vincent, T. (2003). Application of quantitative models from population biology and evolutionary game theory to tumor therapeutic strategies. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, 2, 919–927.
Glattre, E., & Nygard, J. (2004). Fractal meta-analysis and causality embedded in complexity: Advanced understanding of disease etiology. Nonlinear Dynamics, Psychology, and Life Sciences, 8(3), 315–344.
Glew, R., Basu, A., Prence, E., & Remaley, A. (1985). Lysosomal storage diseases. Laboratory Investigation, 53(3), 250–269.
Hirano, T. (2007). Cellular pharmacodynamics of immunosuppressive drugs for indivudualized medicine. International Immunopharamcol, 7, 3–22.
Horgan, R., & Kenny, L. (2011). ‘Omic’ technologies: Genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist, 13(3), 189.
Human Genome Sequencing Consortium. (2001). Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome. Nature, 409, 860–921.
Kanehisa, M., Goto, S., Sato, Y., Kawashima, M., Furumichi, M., & Tanabe, M. (2014). Data, information, knowledge and principle: Back to metabolism in KEGG. Nucleic Acid Research, 42(D1), D199–D205.
Kennedy, T. (1998). Pharmaceutifcal project management. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker, Inc..
Krumholz, H. (2014). Big data and new knowledge in medicine: The thinking, training, and tools needed for a learning health system. Health Affairs (Millwood), 33(7), 1163–1170.
Levy, S., Sutton, G., Ng, P., Feuk, L., & Halpern, A. (2007). The diploid genome sequence of an individual human. PLoS Biology, 5(10), e254.
O’Donovan, C., Apweiler, R., & Baroch, A. (2001). The human proteomics initiative. Trends in Biotechnology, 19, 178–181.
Pearson, H. (2007). Meet the human metabolome. Nature, 446, 8. https://doi.org/10.1038/446008a
Quitaina-Murci, L. (2016). Understanding rare and common diseases in the context of human evolution. Genome Biology, 17, 225.
Sarntivijal, S., Vasant, D., Jupp, S., Saunders, G., Bento, A., Gonzalez, D., … Malone, J. (2016). Linking rare and common disease: Mapping clinical disease-phenotypes to ontologies in therapeutic target validation. Journal of Biomedical Semantics, 7, 8.
Turnbull, C., Ahmed, S., Morrison, J., Pernet, D., & Renwick, A. (2010). Genome-wide association study identifies five new breast cancer susceptible loci. Nature Genetics, 42, 504.
Venter, J., Adams, M., Myers, E., Li, P., & Muraj, R. (2001). The sequence of the human genome. Sicnece, 291, 1304–1351.
Vesper, J. (2006). Risk assessment and risk management in the pharmaceutical industry: Clear and simple. Washington, DC: Parenteral Drug Association.
Westerhoff, H., Winder, C., Messiha, H., Simeonidis, E., Adamczyk, M., Verma, M., … Dunn, W. (2009). Systems biology: The elements and principles of life. FEBS Letters, 584(24), 3882–3890.
Winchester, B., Vellodi, A., & Young, E. (2000). The molecular basis for lysosomal storage diseases and their treatment. Biochemical Society Transactions, 28(2), 150–154.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hickey, A.J., Smyth, H.D.C. (2020). Impact of Complexity on Population Biology. In: Pharmaco-complexity. AAPS Introductions in the Pharmaceutical Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42783-2_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42783-2_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-42782-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-42783-2
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)