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Challenges in Understanding the Dynamic Behavior of Heterogeneous Materials

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Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME)

Abstract

The response of heterogeneous materials subjected to extreme dynamic loads is complicated by meso-scale phenomena which manifests a bulk response to the percolating dynamic event. The microstructural arrangement of phases, the extrinsic properties of microconstituents, and the property contrasts and various length scales affect the ability of stress waves to propagate through a material and affect the material’s inherent dissipative behavior. Measuring the effects of these meso-level phenomena is very challenging when considering extremely fast events occurring at multiple spatial and temporal scales. The advent of high performance computing and massively parallel computations allows for highly resolved phenomena to be modeled via hydrocode simulation with relative ease. Combining microstructural and mechanistic understanding of the relevant physics of the dynamic processes can lead to a tractable solution to the problem of shock compression response in heterogeneous materials. This chapter discusses the challenges in understanding the dynamic behavior of heterogeneous materials in particular, which are of interest due to their fascinating and useful properties and in part because of the richness and diversity of phenomena activated under extreme dynamic conditions. A brief literature survey on the shock compression of heterogeneous materials is provided, with attention given to granular media, reactive powder mixtures, energetic and composite materials, and multiphase materials. Case studies from the authors’ work on reactive materials are presented which employ Integrated Computational Materials Science and Engineering (ICMSE) tools to understand the connection between observed experimental behavior and meso-level phenomena. A discussion is presented on possible ways of exploring topology, property contrasts, and microstructural morphology to link dynamic response to micro- and meso-scale behavior.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Ωij must be symmetric, i.e., Ωij = Ωji to ensure conservation of momentum. Also, the authors restricted momentum transfer to a ball of radius r c, Ωij = 0 if \(\left | {\mathbf {r}}_i - {\mathbf {r}}_j \right | > r_c\).

  2. 2.

    More details on the difference between material and spatial coordinates can be found in Malvern’s excellent text [50] on continuum mechanics.

  3. 3.

    This final density was selected because it was the maximum density achievable the cold isostatic pressing setup used in our lab for the pure Ti+B mixtures.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, WPAFB, Dayton, OH, USA

    Manny Gonzales

  2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Naresh N. Thadhani

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  1. Departments of Civil, Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science & Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Somnath Ghosh

  2. Air Force Research Laboratory/RX, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, USA

    Christopher Woodward

  3. Air Force Research Laboratory/RX, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, USA

    Craig Przybyla

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Gonzales, M., Thadhani, N.N. (2020). Challenges in Understanding the Dynamic Behavior of Heterogeneous Materials. In: Ghosh, S., Woodward, C., Przybyla, C. (eds) Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40562-5_14

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