Abstract
The disposal of a large number of waste materials results in high costs for the food industry and can have a negative environmental impact. Metabolites, such as phenolic compounds, fibers, and proteins obtained from vegetable by-products or waste biomass could be used as ingredients in the formulation of new functional foods. Argentine native fruits (chilto, algarrobo, and mistol) were used as food (edible fleshy fruits, sweets, flours, juices, pulp, and beverages) by different local communities and some of them have now been industrialized. In fact, fruit industrial processing has, as a consequence, the production of large amounts of wastes, mainly peels or skin, pomace, and seeds. Phenolic enriched extracts (benzoic and cinnamic acids and derivatives; phenylpropanoid acids; C-glycosyl flavones; anthocyanins, among others) obtained from Argentinean native fruit wastes were able to modulate the metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates in the gastrointestinal tract (GT) through enzymes inhibition (lipase, amylase, and glucosidase), regulate oxidative processes and inflammatory pathologies, so these extracts could be considered functional ingredients. Furthermore, these phenolic extracts were used to develop zein matrix microcapsules and coating structures based on zein fibers that could be optimized to food package. Proteins and protein hydrolysates obtained from carob tree seeds were also antioxidants and inhibitors of pro-inflammatory enzymes and improve vascular function in a rabbit model of high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome. Thus, Argentinean native fruit wastes have the potential to be a novel renewable, sustainable, and low-cost raw material for the production of several value-added products.
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Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge the cooperation of the inhabitants of the studied areas and the financial support from the SCAIT-UNT (G533, G637), the ANPCyT (PICT 3136, PICT 4436, PICTO Bosques 0088), the CONICET, PIP 0500.
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Isla, M.I. et al. (2020). Potential Application of Native Fruit Wastes from Argentina as Nonconventional Sources of Functional Ingredients. In: Zakaria, Z., Aguilar, C., Kusumaningtyas, R., Binod, P. (eds) Valorisation of Agro-industrial Residues – Volume II: Non-Biological Approaches. Applied Environmental Science and Engineering for a Sustainable Future. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39208-6_8
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