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Urban Protected Areas and Urban Biodiversity

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Making Green Cities

Part of the book series: Cities and Nature ((CITIES))

Abstract

Protected areas become urban protected areas by their location. The International Union for Nature Conservation defines a protected area as: “Clearly defined geographical space, recognized, dedicated and managed through legal or other effective means, to achieve the long-term conservation of nature with its associated ecosystem services and cultural values.” Different papers in this chapter aim to contribute to increase the understanding about the general concept of urban protected areas (Ioja), trade-offs and synergies of cultural ecosystem services of these areas (Badiu et al.), and perceptions and preferences to urban nature (Hayir-Kanat and Breuste). Likewise, contributions are also provided on social aspects of biodiversity (Dushkova et al.), urban land use aspects of biodiversity (Gan and Breuste), and strategies to increase urban biodiversity in urban parks (Borysiak et al.). The case studies cover a wide range of geographical backgrounds, going from Central Europe (Borysiak et al.) to South Eastern Europe (Ioja, Badiu et al.), and including Russia (Dushkova et al.), the biggest European city, i.e. Istanbul (Hayr-Kanat and Breuste), and one of the biggest Asian cities, i.e. Shanghai (Gan and Breuste). This chapter targets to improve the understanding of nature protection and biodiversity in cities under different natural and societal conditions.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Note Following the Standard for the Assessment of Regional Biodiversity (HJ623-2011), BI was calculated as BI = Rv′ * 0.2 + Rp′ * 0.2 + DE′ * 0.2 + ED′ * 0.2 + RT′ * 0.1 + (100−EI′) * 0.1, where Rv′ denotes the normalised richness of wild animal species, Rp′ denotes the normalised richness of wild vascular plant species, DE′ denotes the normalised diversity of various types of ecosystems, ED′ denotes normalised species endemism, RT′ denotes the normalised richness of threatened species and EI′ denotes the normalised degree of invasion of invasive alien species.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department Regional Geography and Environment, 1 Bd. Nicolae Balcescu, Sector 5, Bucharest, Romania

    Cristian Ioja

  2. Department of Geography and Geology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria

    Jürgen Breuste

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  1. Department of Geography and Geology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria

    Jürgen Breuste

  2. Landscape Change and Management, Leibniz Institute of Ecological Urban and Regional Development, Dresden, Sachsen, Germany

    Martina Artmann

  3. Center for Environmental Research, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

    Cristian Ioja

  4. Department of Geography (Landscape Ecology), Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany

    Salman Qureshi

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Ioja, C., Breuste, J. (2020). Urban Protected Areas and Urban Biodiversity. In: Breuste, J., Artmann, M., Ioja, C., Qureshi, S. (eds) Making Green Cities. Cities and Nature. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37716-8_6

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