Abstract
Evaluation of gait is a critical part of the movement disorders examination. In addition to parkinsonian gait, balance and walking impairment in Huntington’s disease, and truncal dystonia, normal pressure hydrocephalus and functional gait disorders present clinical challenges for the clinician.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Jankovic J, Nutt JG, Sudarsky L. Classification, diagnosis, and etiology of gait disorders. Adv Neurol. 2001;87:119–33.
Napier J. The antiquity of human walking. Sci Am. 1967;216(4):56–66. https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0467-56.
Jackson JH. In: Taylor J, Holmes G, Walshe FMR, editors. Selected writings of John Hughlings Jackson, Vol. 2. London: Hodder and Stoughton; 1932.
Nutt JG, Marsden CD, Thompson PD. Human walking and higher-level gait disorders, particularly in the elderly. Neurology. 1993;43(2):268–79. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.43.2.268.
Bruns L. Uber storungen des gleichgewichtes bei stirnhirntumoren. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1892;18:138–40.
Petren K. Über den Zusammenhang swischen anatomisch bedingter und functioneller Gangstörung (besonders in der Form von trepid ander Abasie) im Griesenalter. Arch Psych Nerven. 1901;33:444–89.
Dejerine J. Semeiologie du systeme nerveux. Paris: Masson; 1926.
Marie P. Des foyers lacunaires de désintégration et de differents autres etats cavitaires du cerveau. Rev Med. 1901;21:281–98.
von Malaise E. Studien uber wese grundlagen senile getstoringen. Arch Psychiat. 1910;46:902–1009.
Thompson PD, Marsden CD. Gait disorder of subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy: Binswanger’s disease. Mov Disord. 1987;2(1):1–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.870020101.
Vizcarra JA, Lang AE, Sethi KD, Espay AJ. Vascular parkinsonism: deconstructing a syndrome. Mov Disord. 2015;30(7):886–94. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.26263.
FitzGerald PM, Jankovic J. Lower body parkinsonism: evidence for vascular etiology. Mov Disord. 1989;4(3):249–60. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.870040306.
Gerstmann J, Schilder P. Uber eine besondere gangstorung bei stirnhirner kranting. Wien Med Schr. 1926;76:97–107.
van Bogaert L, Martin P. Sur deux signes du syndrome de desequilibration frontale: l’apraxie de la marche et l’atonie statique. Encéphale. 1929;24:11–8.
Thompson PD. Frontal lobe ataxia. Handb Clin Neurol. 2012;103:619–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-51892-7.00044-9.
Denny-Brown D. The nature of apraxia. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1958;126(1):9–32. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-195801000-00003.
Blocq P. Sur une affection caractérisée par de l’astasie et de l’abasie. Arch Neurol (Paris). 1888;15:24–51. 187–211.
Okun MS, Koehler PJ. Paul Blocq and (psychogenic) astasia abasia. Mov Disord. 2007;22(10):1373–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.21474.
Masdeu JC, Gorelick PB. Thalamic astasia: inability to stand after unilateral thalamic lesions. Ann Neurol. 1988;23(6):596–603. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.410230612.
O’Keeffe FM, Murray B, Coen RF, Dockree PM, Bellgrove MA, Garavan H, et al. Loss of insight in frontotemporal dementia, corticobasal degeneration and progressive supranuclear palsy. Brain. 2007;130(Pt 3):753–64. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awl367.
Giladi N, Shabtai H, Rozenberg E, Shabtai E. Gait festination in Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2001;7(2):135–8.
Nonnekes J, Giladi N, Guha A, Fietzek UM, Bloem BR, Ruzicka E. Gait festination in parkinsonism: introduction of two phenotypes. J Neurol. 2019;266(2):426–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-018-9146-7.
Rao AK, Louis ED. Ataxic gait in essential tremor: a disease-associated feature? Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y). 2019;9. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-28jq-8t52.
Nutt JG. Classification of gait and balance disorders. Adv Neurol. 2001;87:135–41.
Critchley M. On senile disorders of gait, including the so-called senile paraplegia. Geriatrics. 1948;3(6):364–70.
Bloem BR, Gussekloo J, Lagaay AM, Remarque EJ, Haan J, Westendorp RG. Idiopathic senile gait disorders are signs of subclinical disease. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2000;48(9):1098–101. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2000.tb04786.x.
Baik JS, Lang AE. Gait abnormalities in psychogenic movement disorders. Mov Disord. 2007;22(3):395–9. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.21283.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Electronic Supplementary Material
Gait disorders accompany many of the primary movement disorders, and the gait disorder of PD (Chap. 3), atypical parkinsonism (Chap. 4), posthypoxic myoclonus (Chap. 5), Huntington’s disease and neuroacanthocytosis (Chap. 7), orthostatic tremor (Chap. 8), truncal dystonia (Chap. 9), and ataxia (Chap. 10) are covered elsewhere. In this video segment, we focus principally on two other conditions that affect gait, normal pressure hydrocephalus, and functional movement disorders (MP4 1420773 kb)
Notes
Notes
Notes
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Frucht, S.J., Termsarasab, P. (2020). Phenomenology of Gait and Balance. In: Movement Disorders Phenomenology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36975-0_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36975-0_13
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-36974-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-36975-0
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)